The glymphatic system is a vascular-dependent network, involving cerebrospinal fluid circulation, that facilitates waste clearance from the brain. Although glymphatic dysfunction has been implicated in various neurologic diseases, its influencing factors are still not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate glymphatic clearance in moyamoya disease (MMD) and explore its associations with arterial stenosis and ventricular size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhite matter (WM) free water (FW) is a potential imaging marker for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). This study aimed to characterize longitudinal changes in WM FW and investigate factors contributing to its elevation in CSVD. We included 80 CSVD patients and 40 normal controls (NCs) with multi-modality MRI data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Total knee replacement (TKA) is a frequent modality performed in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the efficacy after TKA by gait analysis in patients with OA.
Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies from inception to July 2024.
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) can disrupt the global brain network and lead to cognitive impairment. Conversely, cognitive reserve (CR) can improve one's cognitive ability to handle damaging effects like SVD, partly by optimizing the brain network's organization. Understanding how SVD and CR collectively influence brain networks could be instrumental in preventing cognitive impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Glymphatic dysfunction is a crucial pathway for dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies co-existing with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most common pathogenesis for dementia. We hypothesize that AD pathologies and CSVD could be associated with glymphatic dysfunction, contributing to cognitive impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate the effect of cholinergic pathways damage caused by white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on cognitive function in moyamoya disease (MMD).
Methods: We included 62 patients with MMD from a prospectively enrolled cohort. We evaluated the burden of cholinergic pathways damage caused by WMHs using the Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS).
Objective: To develop and validate radiomics models on non-enhanced CT for discrimination of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) related hematomas from hypertensive intracerebral hematomas.
Materials And Methods: A total of 571 patients with acute intraparenchymal hematomas and baseline non-enhanced CT scans were retrospectively analyzed, including 297 cases of AVM related hematomas and 274 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hematomas. The patients were divided into training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio with a random seed.
Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is a prevalent manifestation of age-related bone disorders, resulting from the dysregulation between osteoblast (OB)-mediated bone formation and osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption, coupled with the escalating burden of cellular senescence. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs, renowned for their remarkable attributes encompassing excellent tolerability, low toxicity, heightened efficacy, and minimal adverse reactions, have gained considerable traction in OP treatment. Emerging evidence substantiates the therapeutic benefits of various TCM formulations and their active constituents, including Zuogui wan, , and Resveratrol, in targeting cellular senescence to address SOP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Ronchi test is widely used for wavefront measurements in advanced lithography tools, and a physical optics explanation of the Ronchi test based on scalar diffraction theory can be found in numerous publications. However, for high-numerical aperture (high-NA) lithography projection lenses, the vector nature of light should be considered when performing wavefront measurements, especially the effect of polarization aberrations on the wavefront test results. In this paper, a vector model for describing shearing interferometry for high-NA lithography projection lenses is established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Venous pathology could contribute to the development of parenchymal lesions in cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). We aim to identify presumed periventricular venous infarction (PPVI) in CADASIL and analyze the associations between PPVI, white matter edema, and microstructural integrity within white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) regions.
Methods: We included forty-nine patients with CADASIL from a prospectively enrolled cohort.
Background: Progressive lipid loss of adipose tissue is a major feature of cancer-associated cachexia. In addition to systemic immune/inflammatory effects in response to tumor progression, tumor-secreted cachectic ligands also play essential roles in tumor-induced lipid loss. However, the mechanisms of tumor-adipose tissue interaction in lipid homeostasis are not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThermal aberrations caused by absorption of laser beams degrade the image quality of exposure tools during the working process. Many compensators, such as lens movement or lens deformation, are used to compensate for low-order thermal aberrations of optical systems. In this paper, an apparatus with higher-order aberration correction capability is presented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Small vessel disease (SVD) is highly prevalent in the elderly and associated with an increased risk of dementia and stroke. SVD may have disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, which can compromise waste clearance and accelerate disease progression.
Methods: We retrospectively included 146 SVD patients from a prospectively collected dataset, with one- or two-year follow-up data in 61 patients.
Background: Chemokine CXC motif receptor 7 (CXCR7) is an atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that signals in a biased fashion. CXCL12/CXCR7 biased signal has been reported to play crucial roles in multiple stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR7 biased signal in promoting CRC progression and metastasis remains obscure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a typical feature of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which contributes to about 50% of dementias worldwide. Microstructural alterations in deep white matter (DWM) have been widely examined in CSVD. However, little is known about abnormalities in superficial white matter (SWM) and their relevance for processing speed, the main cognitive deficit in CSVD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Widespread white matter (WM) injury is a hallmark feature of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). However, controversies about the mechanism of WM tract injury exist persistently. Excessive iron accumulation, frequently reported in CADASIL patients, might cause WM tract injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunes were important features of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which contributes to 25% of ischemic strokes and 45% of dementias. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of WMH and lacunes are not clear, and the role of hemodynamic changes is not fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit in CSVD patients and to investigate their association with WMH and lacunes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFC-X-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) is a newly discovered atypical chemokine receptor that binds to C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) with higher affinity than CXCR4 and is associated with the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been known to promote tumor progression. However, whether CAFs are involved in CXCR7-mediated metastasis of CRC remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) might cause measurable disruption to brain connections and are associated with cognitive decline, but the association between CMIs and motor impairment is still unclear.
Objective: To assess the CMIs effect on motor function in vivo and explore the potential neuropathological mechanism based on graph-based network method.
Methods: We identified 133 non-demented middle-aged and elderly participants who underwent MRI scanning, cognitive, and motor assessment.
Assessing glymphatic function using in-vivo imaging method is of great value for understanding its contribution to major brain diseases. In the present study, we aim to validate the association between a variety of risk factors and a potential index of glymphatic function-Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (ALPS index). We enrolled 142 subjects from communities and performed multi-modality magnetic resonance imaging scans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA distributed refractive index (RI) sensor based on high-performance optical frequency domain reflectometry was developed by bending a piece of standard single-mode fiber to excite sets of higher-order modes that penetrate the surrounding medium. External variations in RI modifies the profiles of the sets of excited higher-order modes, which are then partially coupled back into the fiber core and interfere with the fundamental mode. Accordingly, the fundamental mode carries the outer varied RI information, and RI sensing can be achieved by monitoring the wavelength shift of the local Rayleigh backscattered spectra.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) supply blood to important subcortical areas and are, therefore, essential for maintaining the optimal functioning of the brain's most metabolically active nuclei. Past studies have demonstrated the potential for quantifying the morphology of LSAs as biomarkers of vascular fragility or underlying arteriopathies. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the morphological features of LSAs, their potential value in cerebrovascular risk stratification, and their concordance with other vascular risk factors in community-dwelling elderly people.
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