Development of an evaluation system for rational drug use in patients with chronic kidney disease using the Delphi method.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-4 present a significant clinical challenge due to the absence of a systematic approach to managing associated medication-related problems (MRPs). This lack of a structured framework hinders the timely identification and effective intervention for these complications, potentially compromising patient safety and prognosis.

Objective: This study aims to leverage the Delphi method to establish an evaluation index for a rational drug use evaluation system dedicated to CKD patients in stages 3-4.

Clinical Evidence and Potential Mechanisms of Complementary Treatment of Formula for the Management of Serum Lipids and Obesity.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical effects of formula (LGZG), a famous TCM formula, for the management of serum lipids and obesity and preliminarily elucidates the bioactive components and the potential mechanism.

Methods: Cluster analysis was adopted to investigate the TCM herbs and their frequency of occurrence for treating hyperlipidemia and obesity in an academic experience database of Chinese famous TCM doctors (http://www.gjmlzy.

Enantioselective Mannich Reactions of 3-Fluorooxindoles with Cyclic N-Sulfamidate Aldimines.

Both the 3-fluorooxindole and cyclic sulfamidate frameworks are important in medicinal chemistry owing to their associated biological activities. We report an approach accessing 3-fully substituted 3-fluorooxindoles, containing a benzo-fused sulfamidate subunit through highly enantioselective Mannich-type reactions between 3-fluorooxindoles and cyclic benzo-fused N-sulfamidate aldimines. These reactions are promoted by a commercially available cinchona alkaloid catalyst, accommodate a broad substrate scope, and deliver the desired products in a yield of up to 99% with an enantiomeric excess of up to 94%.

Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition between 3-subsituted oxindoles and enals catalyzed by camphor sulfonyl hydrazine.

Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition between 3-substituted oxindoles and enals catalyzed by chiral camphor sulfonyl hydrazines (CaSHs) has been developed. A wide range of 3-substituted oxindoles and enals were successfully used, giving the corresponding 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles containing vicinal stereogenic carbon centers in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities and moderate to good diastereoselectivities (up to 89% yield, 99% ee and 99 : 1 dr).

Organocatalytic asymmetric syntheses of 3-fluorooxindoles containing vicinal fluoroamine motifs.

An organocatalytic Mannich reaction of 3-fluorooxindoles has been developed. Using a commercially available cinchona alkaloid catalyst, a wide range of 3-fluorooxindoles was successfully reacted with N-sulfonyl aldimines to give biologically important 3-fluorooxindoles containing vicinal fluoroamine motifs with high efficiency and good enantioselectivity. This protocol uses readily available reactants and cheap organocatalysts, and it is operationally simple.

Diastereoselective Mannich Reactions Using Fluorinated Ketones: Synthesis of Stereogenic Carbon-Fluorine Units.

A diastereoselective Mannich reaction of simple α-fluoro ketones with N-tert-butylsulfinylimines was developed. This method provides a concise route to a variety of structurally diverse α-fluoro-β-amino ketones containing fluorinated stereogenic carbon centers; good yields and high diastereoselectivities were achieved. This method uses readily accessible starting materials and has a broad substrate scope: cyclic and linear α-fluoro ketones and fluoromethyl ketones are all suitable substrates.

Diastereoselective Addition of Metal α-Fluoroenolates of Carboxylate Esters to N-tert-Butylsulfinyl Imines: Synthesis of α-Fluoro-β-amino Acids.

We report a diastereoselective addition reaction of fluoroacetate and α-alkylated fluoroacetate to N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines. This method provides a concise route to α-fluoro-β-amino acids containing fluorinated quaternary stereogenic carbon centers with very good yields and high diastereoselectivities. This protocol has the benefit of using abundant and readily accessible starting materials and is operationally simple.

Crystal structure of 4-chloro-2-[(5-eth-oxy-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-yl)meth-yl]-5-(piperidin-1-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one.

In the title mol-ecule, C14H18ClN5O2S, the six atoms of the 1,6-di-hydro-pyridazine ring are essentially coplanar (r.m.s.

Double-addition reaction of aryl methyl sulfones with N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines: diastereoselective and concise synthesis of 2-sulfonylated 1,3-diamines.

We report a double-addition reaction of methyl phenyl sulfone and methyl 2-pyridyl sulfone with N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines. This method provides concise access to 2-sulfonylated 1,3-anti diamines with good to excellent diastereoselectivities. This protocol has the benefit of using readily accessible starting materials and is operationally simple.

Selective arylation and vinylation at the α position of vinylarenes.

In intermolecular Heck reactions of styrene and vinylarenes, the aryl and vinyl groups routinely insert at the β position. However, selective insertion at the α position has been very rare. Herein, we provide a missing piece in the palette of Heck reaction, which gave >20:1 α selectivity.

1,1'-Bis[bis-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)phosphan-yl]ferrocene.

In the crystal structure of the title substituted ferrocene complex, [Fe(C₁₉H₁₈O₂P)₂], the Fe(II) atom lies on a twofold rotation axis, giving an eclipsed cyclo-penta-dienyl conformation with a ring centroid separation of 3.292 (7) Å and an Fe-C bond-length range of 2.0239 (15)-2.

An efficient, overall [4+1] cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes and nitrene precursors.

Intermolecular cycloadditions of conjugated dienes and nitrene precursors usually produce aziridines. A generally useful method was lacking to directly provide the [4+1] cycloadducts, 3-pyrrolines. We have realized this transformation by using an uniquely active catalyst, copper(II) 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate ([Cu(hfacac)(2)]).