Role of histone deacetylase inhibitors in non-neoplastic diseases.

Background: Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated in the development and progression of a variety of human diseases, but epigenetic changes are reversible, and epigenetic enzymes and regulatory proteins can be targeted using small molecules. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), as a class of epigenetic drugs, are widely used to treat various cancers and other diseases involving abnormal gene expression.

Results: Specially, HDACis have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic effect of non-neoplastic conditions, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases and rare diseases, along with their related mechanisms.

Chidamide and orelabrutinib synergistically induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Objective: The initial therapeutic approach for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) entails a rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen. However, 40% of patients exhibit suboptimal responses, with some experiencing relapse and refractory conditions. This study aimed to explore novel therapeutic strategies and elucidate their underlying mechanisms in DLBCL.

Navigating the immunometabolic heterogeneity of B cells in murine hepatocellular carcinoma at single cell resolution.

Induction of antitumor immunity is critical for the therapeutic efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy. The cellular metabolic state underpins the effector function of immune cells, yet our understanding of the phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity of B cells within HCC microenvironment is poorly developed. Herein, we investigated the composition, distribution, phenotype, function and metabolic profiles of B-cell subsets in HCC and adjacent liver tissues from an orthotopic HCC mouse model using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Elevated-Temperature Space Charge Characteristics and Trapping Mechanism of Cross-Linked Polyethylene Modified by UV-Initiated Grafting MAH.

Space charge characteristics of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) at elevated temperatures have been evidently improved by the graft modifications with ultraviolet (UV) initiation technique, which can be efficiently utilized in industrial cable manufactures. Maleic anhydride (MAH) of representative cyclic anhydride has been successfully grafted onto polyethylene molecules through UV irradiation process. Thermal stimulation currents and space charge characteristics at the elevated temperatures are coordinately analyzed to elucidate the trapping behavior of blocking charge injection and impeding carrier transport which is caused by grafting MAH.

Enhanced Electrical Properties of Polyethylene-Graft-Polystyrene/LDPE Composites.

Nanocomposite dielectrics show a great potential application in high voltage direct current cables for their obvious improvements in electrical properties. In the present manuscript, nanocomposite composed of low-density polyethylene and nanoscale polystyrene particles is studied by using low-density polyethylene grafted with polystyrene molecule. Fourier-transform infrared spectra reveal successful grafting of the polystyrene molecule onto the low-density polyethylene chain and the scanning electron microscope image shows the homogeneously dispersed nanoscale polystyrene particles.

Significantly Improved Electrical Properties of Crosslinked Polyethylene Modified by UV-Initiated Grafting MAH.

Direct current (DC) electrical performances of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) have been evidently improved by developing graft modification technique with ultraviolet (UV) photon-initiation. Maleic anhydride (MAH) molecules with characteristic cyclic anhydride were successfully grafted to polyethylene molecules under UV irradiation, which can be efficiently realized in industrial cable production. The complying laws of electrical current varying with electric field and the Weibull statistics of dielectric breakdown strength at altered temperature for cable operation were analyzed to study the underlying mechanism of improving electrical insulation performances.

Improved DC Dielectric Performance of cPP-g-MAH/iPP/SEBS Composite with Chemical Graft Modification.

In order to achieve both high toughness and favorable dielectric properties of polypropylene materials, a styrene⁻butadiene⁻styrene block copolymer (SEBS) was employed as a toughening filler, in addition to a copolymerized polypropylene grafted by maleic anhydride (cPP--MAH) as a compatibilization modifier, to develop a novel isotactic polypropylene (iPP) composite (cPP--MAH/iPP/SEBS composite) with significantly improved direct-current (DC) dielectric performance and tenacity. The underlying physical and chemical mechanisms of modifying electric insulation were studied utilizing micro-structure characterization methods in combination with multiple thermal⁻mechanic⁻electric tests. The SEBS phase islands are uniformly distributed in the PP matrix with evidently improved dispersion due to cPP--MAH compatibilization.

Enhanced Insulation Performances of Crosslinked Polyethylene Modified by Chemically Grafting Chloroacetic Acid Allyl Ester.

Modified crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) with appreciably enhanced DC electrical insulation properties has been developed by chemical modification of grafting chloroacetic acid allyl ester (CAAE), exploring the trapping mechanism of charge transport inhibition. The bound state traps deriving from grafted molecule are analyzed by first-principles calculations, in combination with the electrical DC conductivity and dielectric breakdown strength experiments to study the underlying mechanism of improving the electrical insulation properties. In contrast to pure XLPE, the XLPE--CAAE represents significantly suppressed space charge accumulation, increased breakdown strength, and reduced conductivity.

Dihydroartemisinin triggers c-Myc proteolysis and inhibits protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3β pathway in T-cell lymphoma cells.

Recent studies have revealed a positive therapeutic effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on tumor cells. However, the underlying mechanism of this has not yet been elucidated. The present study examined the potential therapeutic role and mechanism of DHA in T-cell lymphoma cells.

Effect of dihydroarteminin combined with siRNA targeting Notch1 on Notch1/c-Myc signaling in T-cell lymphoma cells.

The effectiveness of therapy combining dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and small interfering RNA targeting Notch1 (siNotch1) in T-cell lymphoma remains unknown. The present study explored the potential and possible mechanisms of combined dihydroarteminin, and siNotch1 therapy for T-cell lymphoma. It was demonstrated that the viability rates of siRNA-DHA-treated cells was significantly suppressed in comparison with those in control cells, control siRNA cells, siRNA-treated cells and DHA-treated cells (P<0.

Transparent organic light-emitting diodes with balanced white emission by minimizing waveguide and surface plasmonic loss.

It is challenging in realizing high-performance transparent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with symmetrical light emission to both sides. Herein, an efficient transparent OLED with highly balanced white emission to both sides is demonstrated by integrating quasi-periodic nanostructures into the organic emitter and the metal-dielectric composite top electrode, which can simultaneously suppressing waveguide and surface plasmonic loss. The power efficiency and external quantum efficiency are raised to 83.

Efficient Color-Stable Inverted White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Outcoupling-Enhanced ZnO Layer.

Inverted organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has attracted extensive attention due to the demand in active-matrix OLED display panels as its geometry enables the direct connection with n-channel transistor backplane on the substrate. One key challenge of high-performance inverted OLED is an efficient electron-injection layer with superior electrical and optical properties to match the indium tin oxide cathode on substrate. We here propose a synergistic electron-injection architecture using surface modification of ZnO layer to simultaneously promote electron injection into organic emitter and enhance out-coupling of waveguided light.

Switching Hole and Electron Transports of Molecules on Metal Oxides by Energy Level Alignment Tuning.

Charge transport at organic/inorganic hybrid contacts significantly affects the performance of organic optoelectronic devices because the unfavorable energy level offsets at these interfaces can hinder charge injection or extraction due to large barrier heights. Herein, we report a technologically relevant method to functionalize a traditional hole-transport layer of solution-processed nickel oxide (NiOx) with various interlayers. The photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal the continuous tuning of the NiOx substrate work function ranging from 2.

Light outcoupling enhanced flexible organic light-emitting diodes.

Flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are emerging as a leading technology for rollable and foldable display applications. For the development of high-performance flexible OLEDs on plastic substrate, we report a transparent nanocomposite electrode with superior mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, which is realized by integrating the nanoimprinted quasi-random photonic structures into the ultrathin metal/dielectric stack to collectively optimize the electrical conduction and light outcoupling capabilities. The resulting flexible OLEDs with green emission yield the enhanced device efficiency, reaching the maximum external quantum efficiency of 43.

Microcavity-Free Broadband Light Outcoupling Enhancement in Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Nanostructured Transparent Metal-Dielectric Composite Electrodes.

Flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) hold great promise for future bendable display and curved lighting applications. One key challenge of high-performance flexible OLEDs is to develop new flexible transparent conductive electrodes with superior mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. Herein, an effective nanostructured metal/dielectric composite electrode on a plastic substrate is reported by combining a quasi-random outcoupling structure for broadband and angle-independent light outcoupling of white emission with an ultrathin metal alloy film for optimum optical transparency, electrical conduction, and mechanical flexibility.

Mechanisms of Dihydroartemisinin and Dihydroartemisinin/Holotransferrin Cytotoxicity in T-Cell Lymphoma Cells.

The validated therapeutic effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in solid tumors have encouraged us to explore its potential in treating T-cell lymphoma. We found that Jurkat cells (a T-cell lyphoma cell line) were sensitive to DHA treatment with a IC50 of dihydroartemisinin. The cytotoxic effect of DHA in Jurkat cells showed a dose- and time- dependent manner.

Biosorption Behavior of Ciprofloxacin onto Enteromorpha prolifera: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies.

The studies aimed at the feasibility of using Enteromorpha prolifera for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were carried out for the biosorption of ciprofloxacin onto Enteromorpha prolifera. The factors affecting the biosorption process such as the initial concentration, dosage, pH and the contact time were studied.

Cytotoxicity of PEGylated graphene oxide on lymphoma cells.

Graphene oxide (GO) is a hotspot, especially in the field of biomedical. However, the clinical application of GO is still faces a lot of challenges. In order to improve the solubility and biocompatibility of GO, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was grafted on the surface of graphene oxide by amide reaction.

In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on human RPMI 8226 cells.

This study had investigated the possible toxicity of graphene oxide and its mechanisms on multiple myeloma cells (RPMI 8226 cells) using flow cytometry and a multifunctional microplate reader. RPMI 8226 cells were cultured with various concentrations of graphene oxide, then cell viability, malondialdehyde, glutathione and apoptosis were measured. We found that graphene oxide dose-dependently reduced the viability of human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells.

Cytotoxicity of graphene oxide and graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin on human multiple myeloma cells.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of human multiple myeloma cells (RPMI-8226) treated with graphene oxide (GO), doxorubicin (DOX), and GO loaded with DOX (GO/DOX). Cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and analyzing the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Cells treated with GO, GO/DOX, and pure DOX for 24 hours showed a decrease in proliferation.

Adsorption Properties of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride onto Graphene Oxide: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is an effective anticancer agent for leukemia chemotherapy, although its clinical use has been limited because of its side effects such as cardiotoxicity, alopecia, vomiting, and leucopenia. Attention has been focussed on developing new drug carriers with high adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption rate in order to minimize the side effects of DOX. Graphene oxide (GO), a new type of nanomaterial in the carbon family, was prepared by Hummers method and used as adsorbent for DOX from aqueous solution.

[Effect of dendritic cells on expansion and function of autologous natural killer cells in vitro].

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dendritic cells (DCs) on expansion and function of autologous natural killer (NK) cells and its mechanism in vitro. NK cells were expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) of healthy volunteers in stem cell growth medium (SCGM) supplemented with rhIL-2 (control group) in 24-well culture plates at 37 degrees C in a humidified CO(2)-containing atmosphere. NK cells were cultured with autologous DCs in the ratio of 5 to 1 (group 5:1) or 1 to 1 (group 1:1) from day 10 after expansion.

[Study on rapid generation of dendritic cells from K562 cell line induced by A23187 alone].

Objective: To explore a simple, rapid and efficient way to generate dendritic cells from leukemic cells.

Methods: K562 cells were cultured with calcium ionosphere A23187 alone, A23187 plus GM-CSF, or a DC differentiation cocktail consisting of GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-alpha, respectively. The expression of surface markers of induced DCs was analyzed by flow cytometry.

[Expression of nm23-H(1) mRNA in Bone Marrow Cells from Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Its Clinical Implication].

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the expression of nm23-H(1) gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and evaluate the relationship between nm23-H(1) expression and therapeutic outcomes. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of nm23-H(1) mRNA in marrow mononuclear cells from 28 MDS patients and 15 normal subjects. nm23-H(1)/GAPDH ratio >/= 0.