Haploid-Phased Chromosomal Telomere-to-Telomere Genome Assembly of Medicinal Plant Uncaria rhynchophylla Dissects Genetic Controls on the Biosynthesis of Bioactive Alkaloids.

Natural indole alkaloids provide important medicinal resources and defences to environmental stresses. The Uncaria genus is a recorded traditional medicinal woody plant with high alkaloids. Genomic insights into alkaloid variation remain elusive.

Three New Species of from East and Northeast China.

species are ubiquitous in the environment and are of substantial importance, especially in industrial and medical aspects. During our investigation of the biodiversity of , three new species were discovered in soil samples collected from East and Northeast China. They were determined as new to science based on morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, and were found to belong to the subgenus section and subgenus sections and .

Talaromyces sedimenticola sp. nov., isolated from the Mariana Trench.

Two fungal strains (K-2 and S1) were isolated from the deepest ocean sediment of the Challenger Deep located in the Mariana Trench. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences of the isolates K-2 and S1 differed from those of closely related species, such as Talaromyces assiutensis and T. trachyspermus.

Disulfide bridge-targeted metabolome mining unravels an antiparkinsonian peptide.

Peptides are a particular molecule class with inherent attributes of some small-molecule drugs and macromolecular biologics, thereby inspiring continuous searches for peptides with therapeutic and/or agrochemical potentials. However, the success rate is decreasing, presumably because many interesting but less-abundant peptides are so scarce or labile that they are likely 'overlooked' during the characterization effort. Here, we present the biochemical characterization and druggability improvement of an unprecedented minor fungal RiPP (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide), named acalitide, by taking the relevant advantages of metabolomics approach and disulfide-bridged substructure which is more frequently imprinted in the marketed peptide drug molecules.

Species Diversity of in Southwest China with Discovery of Forty-Three New Species.

species are ubiquitous in all kinds of environments, and they are of industrial, agricultural and clinical importance. In this study, soil fungal diversity in Southwestern China was investigated, and that of turned out to be unexpectedly high. The survey included a total of 179 cultures of the genus isolated from 33 soil samples.

Seven New Species of Eurotiales (Ascomycota) Isolated from Tidal Flat Sediments in China.

Tidal flats have been reported to contain many microorganisms and play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity. In surveys of filamentous fungi from tidal flat sediments in China, seven new species of Eurotiales were discovered and described. Morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of combined datasets of the , , and regions support their placements and recognition as new species.

Species Diversity of Clade (Pezizales, Ascomycota) in China and Description of Sixteen New Species.

and its allies are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and perform important functions in ecosystems. A comprehensive study on 101 collections of , including those deposited in four Chinese fungaria or collected recently from 10 provinces, was conducted based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Phylogenies of " clade" inferred from Hsp90, ITS, LSU, and TEF were reconstructed with 49 lineages recognized, of which 25 lineages occurred in China, and each represented an individual species.

Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Family (, ).

Species of are common macrofungi with a worldwide distribution. Some of them are commercially consumed, while a few others are reported as poisonous. Two genera were accepted in the family: the epigeous Gyromitra with discoid, cerebriform to saddle-shaped ascomata and the hypogeous Hydnotrya with globose or tuberous ascomata.

Re-Examination of the Holotype of (, ) and a Clarification of the Identity of Chinese Cultivated Lingzhi.

The widely cultivated Chinese Lingzhi is a famous fungus with significant medicinal and economic value, which has commonly been misidentified as for a long period of time. The scientific binomial of the fungus is always a hotly debated question that revolves around . and .

Two Novel Species of Discovered in a Karst Cave in the Satun UNESCO Global Geopark of Southern Thailand.

Karst caves are oligotrophic environments that appear to support a high diversity of fungi. Studies of fungi in Thailand's caves are limited. During a 2019 exploration of the mycobiota associated with soil samples from a karst cave, namely, Phu Pha Phet in the Satun UNESCO Global Geopark in Satun Province, southern Thailand, two previously undescribed fungi belonging to (, , ) were studied using a polyphasic approach combining phenotypic and molecular data.

New Species of (Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales) from Southwestern China.

Species of are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous, and some are of industrial and medicinal importance. Species of have been successively reported in China. During our examinations of samples collected from southwestern China, two new species belonging to sect.

New Species of (Aspergillaceae) from Tropical Islands of China.

species are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous, closely related to human daily life. They are also of food, industrial and medical importance. From the examination of cultures isolated from soil samples collected on tropical islands of China, four new species of the genus were discovered based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons.

New Species of (Fungi) Isolated from Soil in Southwestern China.

Southwestern China belongs among the global biodiversity hotspots and the Daba Mountains are recognized as one of the priority conservation areas. During the exploration of fungal biodiversity from soil samples collected from Mount Daba, two species of were discovered as new to science based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons. sp.

Ascomycetes from the Qilian Mountains, China - Hypocreales.

To investigate fungi from the Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province, ascomycetous specimens were collected and hypocrealean fungi were examined. Eighteen species belonging to six genera in the families Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae were identified, including 11 species of and in Hypocreaceae and seven species of , , , and in Nectriaceae. Among them, and are new to science.

On the Typification of Ganoderma sichuanense (Agaricomycetes)-the Widely Cultivated Lingzhi Medicinal Mushroom.

The well-known and widely cultivated lingzhi has had a significant impact on Chinese culture and is now an important fungal crop providing medicinal benefits to human health and economic value to social development within China and around the world. The European mushroom name, Ganoderma lucidum, has been misapplied to this species for over 100 years until recently reidentified as G. sichuanense.

A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species.

species are ascomycetous macrofungi with saddle-shaped or cupulate apothecia. They are distributed worldwide and play an important ecological role as ectomycorrhizal symbionts. A recent multi-locus phylogenetic study of the genus suggested that the cupulate group of was in need of comprehensive revision.

A three-locus phylogeny of Gyromitra (Discinaceae, Pezizales) and discovery of two cryptic species.

Gyromitra species are known as "false morels" and produce cerebriform or discoid ascocarps. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, and some species are poisonous. Infrageneric phylogenies based on 28S nuc rDNA (28S) are available, but molecular analyses derived from other genes are lacking.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the bambusicolous fungus (Nectriaceae, Ascomycota).

The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the bambusicolous fungus was determined using the next-generation sequencing technology. The circular molecule is 63,593 bp long with a GC content of 31.92%.

Phylogeny and morphological analyses of Penicillium section Sclerotiora (Fungi) lead to the discovery of five new species.

Phylogeny of Penicillium section Sclerotiora is still limitedly investigated. In this study, five new species of Penicillium are identified from the samples collected from different places of China, and named P. austrosinicum, P.

Diversity of mitochondrial plastid DNAs (MTPTs) in seed plants.

Mitochondrial plastid DNAs (MTPTs) refer to plastid-derived DNA fragments in mitochondrial genomes. While the MTPTs have been described for numerous species, its overall patterns have not been examined in details. Here, we carried out a systematic analysis of MTPTs among 73 plant species, including 28 algae, 1 liverwort, 2 moss, 1 lycophyte, 1 gymnosperm, 1 magnoliid, 12 monocots, 26 eudicots and 1 relic angiosperm Amborella trichopoda.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the important mycoparasite (Hypocreales, Ascomycota).

The complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial genome of the important mycoparasitic fungus was determined using the next-generation sequencing technology. The circular molecule is 40,921 bp long with a GC content of 27.90%.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the important phytopathogen Nectria cinnabarina (Hypocreales, Ascomycota).

The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the important phytopathogic fungus Nectria cinnabarina was determined using the next-generation sequencing technology. The circular molecule is 69 895 bp long with a GC content of 28.71%.

Intraspecific and heteroplasmic variations, gene losses and inversions in the chloroplast genome of Astragalus membranaceus.

Astragalus membranaceus is an important medicinal plant in Asia. Several of its varieties have been used interchangeably as raw materials for commercial production. High resolution genetic markers are in urgent need to distinguish these varieties.

Macrophage CGI-58 Attenuates Inflammatory Responsiveness via Promotion of PPARγ Signaling.

Background/aims: Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), an adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) coactivator, strongly promotes ATGL-mediated triglyceride (TG) catabolism. Beyond its function in promoting lipolysis, other features of CGI-58 have been proposed. Here, we investigated the role of CGI-58 in the regulation of inflammatory responsiveness in macrophages.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma applanatum (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. using the next-generation sequencing technology.