Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel amide derivatives from quinic acid against the sweet potato pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata.

Background: Ceratocystis fimbriata is a fungal pathogen that infects sweet potato roots, producing enormous economic losses. Cyclic polyhydroxy compound quinic acid is a common metabolite synthesized in plant tissues, including sweet potato tubers, showing weak antifungal properties. Although several O-acylated quinic acid derivatives have been synthesized and found in nature and their antifungal properties have been explored, derivatives based on modification of the carboxylic acid have never been evaluated.

Application and antagonistic mechanisms of atoxigenic strains for the management of fungal plant diseases.

This review covers, for the first time, all methods based on the use of strains as biocontrol agents for the management of plant diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes. Atoxigenic strains have been screened in a variety of hosts, such as peanuts, maize kernels, and legumes, during the preharvest and postharvest stages. These strains have been screened against a wide range of pathogens, such as , , and species, suggesting a broad applicability spectrum.

Dipicolinic acid reduces Epicoccum sorghinum symptoms on maize and inhibits tenuazonic acid biosynthesis.

Background: Epicoccum sorghinum is a pathogenic fungus that causes leaf spot in a wide range of plants, including maize, and synthesizes the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid (TEA), which is carcinogenic. Despite the relevant economic and yield losses caused by E. sorghinum worldwide, methods for the control of this pathogen are lacking.

Germination time and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion impact on the isoflavone bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacities of soybean sprouts.

Soybeans' isoflavone content increases with germination; nevertheless, their bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal system is limited. This study evaluated the influence of germination time (1, 3, 5, and 7 days) and in vitro gastrointestinal conditions on the isoflavone profile of soybean sprouts. The total isoflavones (4.

Occurrence and management of the emerging pathogen .

Epicoccum sorghinum is a notorious fungal pathogen that causes leaf spot symptoms on a wide range of plants, leading to devastating losses in crop production and quality. Here, all reports regarding the occurrence and management of E. sorghinum are covered for the first time.

Biocontrol Methods for the Management of in Legumes: A Review.

is an economically damaging fungal pathogen that causes Sclerotinia stem rot in legumes, producing enormous yield losses. This pathogen is difficult to control due to its wide host spectrum and ability to produce sclerotia, which are resistant bodies that can remain active for long periods under harsh environmental conditions. Here, the biocontrol methods for the management of in legumes are reviewed.

G-site residue S67 is involved in the fungicide-degrading activity of a tau class glutathione S-transferase from Carica papaya.

Thiram is a toxic fungicide extensively used for the management of pathogens in fruits. Although it is known that thiram degrades in plant tissues, the key enzymes involved in this process remain unexplored. In this study, we report that a tau class glutathione S-transferase (GST) from Carica papaya can degrade thiram.

First Report of Causing Leaf Blight on 'Hongyang' Kiwifruit in China.

In September 2022, leaf blight symptoms (Fig. 1) were detected on six-year-old kiwi trees (Actinidia chinensis cv. 'Hongyang') in Xuzhou municipality (117.

First Report of Causing Leaf Blight on Loquat in Eastern China.

During May-June 2021 and 2022, leaf blight symptoms were observed on loquat leaves (Eriobotrya japonica cv. 'Mogi') in Jiangsu Province (Xuzhou municipality, 117.17° E, 34.

Antifungal and elicitor activities of p-hydroxybenzoic acid for the control of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in kiwifruit.

Aspergillus flavus not only reduces kiwifruit production but also synthesizes carcinogenic aflatoxins, resulting in a relevant threat to human health. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) is one of the most abundant phenolics in kiwifruit. In this study, pHBA was found to reduce A.

Dipicolinic acid enhances kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea by promoting phenolics accumulation.

Background: Kiwifruit is highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, which reduce crop production and quality. In this study, dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is one of the main components of Bacillus spores, was evaluated as a new elicitor to enhance kiwifruit resistance to B. cinerea.

Occurrence of aflatoxins in water and decontamination strategies: A review.

Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic metabolites produced by some Aspergillus species and are the most prevalent mycotoxins. Although aflatoxins are commonly synthesized during fungal colonization in preharvest maize, cereals, and nuts, they can be transported by rainfall to surface water and are a common toxin found in wastewater from some food industries. Here, the occurrence of aflatoxins in bodies of water is reviewed for the first time, along with the decontamination methods.

First Report of Causing Leaf Blight on Maize in China.

In August 2022, two-month-old maize plants (Zea mays cv. 'Zihei'; "Chinese purple corn") exhibited irregular lesions on leaves and leaf blight symptoms (Figure 1). Although the lesions were yellow at the early infection stages, they turned brown during the pathogen advancement and culminated in leaf blight.

Identification of New Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid.

Soybean plants are highly susceptible to species, which significantly reduce soybean production and quality. Several species have been reported to synthesize mycotoxins, such as trichothecene, which have been related to major human diseases. In November 2021, soybean pods in Nantong municipality, China, showed black necrotic lesions during the harvest stage.

First Report of Causing Leaf Blight on Garlic in China.

In June 2021, leaf blight symptoms were detected on garlic plants (Allium sativum) in southeastern Jiangsu (Nantong municipality; 120.61° E, 33.25° N) in China.

Peel Diffusion and Antifungal Efficacy of Different Fungicides in Pear Fruit: Structure-Diffusion-Activity Relationships.

Fungal pathogens can invade not only the fruit peel but also the outer part of the fruit mesocarp, limiting the efficacy of fungicides. In this study, the relationships between fungicide structure, diffusion capacity and in vivo efficacy were evaluated for the first time. The diffusion capacity from pear peel to mesocarp of 11 antifungal compounds, including -aminobenzoic acid, carbendazim, difenoconazole, dipicolinic acid, flusilazole, gentamicin, kojic acid, prochloraz, quinolinic acid, thiophanate methyl and thiram was screened.

Biocontrol Ability of the Group, , , , and , for the Management of Fungal Postharvest Diseases: A Review.

The group, composed of , , , and , has recently emerged as an interesting source of biocontrol agents for the management of pathogenic fungi. In this review, all the reports regarding the ability of these species to control postharvest fungal diseases have been covered for the first time. species showed various antifungal mechanisms, including production of antifungal lipopeptides and volatile organic compounds, competition for nutrients, and induction of disease resistance.

Antifungal Mechanism and Efficacy of Kojic Acid for the Control of in Soybean.

Sclerotinia stem rot, which is caused by the fungal pathogen , is a soybean disease that results in enormous economic losses worldwide. The control of is a difficult task due to the pathogen's wide host range and its persistent structures, called sclerotia. In addition, there is lack of soybean cultivars with medium to high levels of resistance to .

Mode of action and efficacy of quinolinic acid for the control of Ceratocystis fimbriata on sweet potato.

Background: Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen able to cause black rot disease on sweet potato. The management of C. fimbriata strongly relies on the use of toxic fungicides, and there is a lack of efficient alternative strategies.

Metabolic and Transcriptional Analysis of Recombinant Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for Xylose Fermentation: A Feasible and Efficient Approach.

Lignocellulose is an abundant xylose-containing biomass found in agricultural wastes, and has arisen as a suitable alternative to fossil fuels for the production of bioethanol. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been thoroughly used for the production of bioethanol, its potential to utilize lignocellulose remains poorly understood. In this work, xylose-metabolic genes of Pichia stipitis and Candida tropicalis, under the control of different promoters, were introduced into S.

First Report of Causing Leaf Sheath and Leaf Spot on Maize in China.

In November 2020, leaf sheath on maize () was detected in southeastern Jiangsu (Nantong municipality; 120.54° E, 31.58° N) in China.

Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate on quality and preservation of postharvest fruits: A review.

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a volatile hormone involved in a number of plant processes, acting as a signal in response to external stresses and modulating the biosynthesis of other phytohormones. Here, we are reviewing for the first time all reports related to the effects of exogenous MeJA on postharvest fruits. Application of MeJA during preharvest and postharvest stages has been demonstrated to enhance fruit antioxidant capacity and phenolics content, which in turn extended fruit shelf-life, enhanced fruit quality and reduced chilling injury.