The current advances and future directions of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the era of immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have previously demonstrated their efficacy and safety in various solid tumors, and with the growing interest in the application of ICIs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), various data have been reported. Mechanistically, HNSCC cells express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which binds to its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Immune escape plays a key role in disease initiation and progression.

PD-L1 in Combination with CD8TIL and HIF-1α are Promising Prognosis Predictors of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis effect of PD-L1 in combination with CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) or HIF-1α in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: A total of 63 patients who underwent surgical resection were included in this study. The level of PD-L1, CD8 TIL, and HIF-1α was determined by immunohistochemical analysis.

Ten-Year Outcomes Of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) Combine With Chemotherapy Versus IMRT Alone For Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma In The Real-World Study (RWD).

Objectives: The aim was to define the role of chemotherapy in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to identify the toxicity of chemotherapy for these patients in the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods: Between January 2002 and December 2013, 169 patients with stage II NPC were analyzed. Of these patients, 149 patients treated with chemotherapy were divided into three groups as follows: neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by IMRT (NCT) group, concurrent chemotherapy with IMRT (CCRT) group, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CCRT (NC+CCRT) group.

Plasma levels of soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in WHO II/III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): A preliminary study.

Plasma levels of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) have been reported to be an independent prognostic factor in many malignant tumors. The expression of sPD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of sPD-L1 and analyze its correlation with clinical characteristics in patients with NPC.