Efficacy and safety of erythropoietin for traumatic brain injury.

Background: Recent studies regarding the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been inconsistent. This study conducts a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the safety and efficacy of EPO for TBI patients at various follow-up time points.

Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library for RCTs studying EPO in TBI patients published through March 2019.

DYRK1A aggravates β cell dysfunction and apoptosis by promoting the phosphorylation and degradation of IRS2.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), which is one of the most important regulators of Alzheimer's disease development, in islet β cell dysfunction and apoptosis. We found significantly increased expression of DYRK1A in both the hippocampus and pancreatic islets of APP/PS1 transgenic mice than in wild-type littermates. Furthermore, we observed that the overexpression of DYRK1A greatly aggravated β cell apoptosis.