The SNARE complex formed by RIC-4/SEC-22/SYX-2 promotes C. elegans epidermal wound healing.

Maintaining cellular viability relies on the integrity of the plasma membrane, which must be repaired upon damage. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion is a crucial mechanism involved in membrane repair. In C.

High zoonotic potential and heavy environmental burden of spp. and in farmed and pet African pygmy hedgehogs ().

African pygmy hedgehogs () are widely farmed in southern China and Japan for medicinal materials and as pets. However, little is known about the prevalence, zoonotic potential, and environmental burden of spp., and in these animals.

Triggered Golgi membrane enrichment promotes PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation for plasma membrane repair.

The maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and a capacity for efficiently repairing damaged membranes are essential for cell survival. Large-scale wounding depletes various membrane components at the wound sites, including phosphatidylinositols, yet little is known about how phosphatidylinositols are generated after depletion. Here, working with our in vivo C.

Discovery of Natural Small Molecules Promoting Collagen Secretion by High-Throughput Screening in .

Advancing approaches for drug screening are in great demand to explore natural small molecules that may play important roles in collagen biogenesis, secretion, and assembly, which may find novel lead compounds for treating collagen-related diseases or preventing skin aging. In this study, we generated a single copy insertion transgenic P- COL-12::GFP () strain to label epidermis collagen XII (COL-12), a cuticle structure component, and established an efficient high-content screening techniques to discover bioactive natural products in this worm strain through quantification of fluorescence imaging. We performed a preliminary screening of 614 compounds from the laboratory's library of natural small molecule compounds on the COL-12 labeling worm model, which was tested once at a single concentration of 100 µM to screen for compounds that promoted COL-12 protein amount.

Identification and Characterization of Three Spore Wall Proteins of .

is the most common microsporidian pathogen in farm animals and humans. Although several spore wall proteins (SWPs) of other human-pathogenic microsporidia have been identified, SWPs of remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we identified the sequences of three SWPs from whole genome sequence data, expressed them in , generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against one of them (EbSWP1), and used the mAb in direct immunofluorescence detection of spores in fecal samples.

Recruitment of tetraspanin TSP-15 to epidermal wounds promotes plasma membrane repair in C. elegans.

Maintaining the integrity of the plasma membrane after cellular damage is essential for cell survival. However, it is unclear how cells repair large membrane injuries in vivo. Here, we report that the tetraspanin protein, TSP-15, is recruited to large membrane wounds and forms a ring-like structure in C.

Redox-sensitive CDC-42 clustering promotes wound closure in C. elegans.

Tissue damage induces immediate-early signals, activating Rho small GTPases to trigger actin polymerization essential for later wound repair. However, how tissue damage is sensed to activate Rho small GTPases locally remains elusive. Here, we found that wounding the C.

Cryptosporidiosis outbreak caused by Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA20G1 in neonatal calves.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a major zoonotic pathogen responsible for outbreaks of severe diarrhoea in humans and calves. Almost all investigations of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks caused by C. parvum have focused on its IIa subtype family in industrialized nations.

Actin Polymerization and ESCRT Trigger Recruitment of the Fusogens Syntaxin-2 and EFF-1 to Promote Membrane Repair in C. elegans.

Membrane repair is essential for cell and organism survival. Exocytosis and endocytosis facilitate membrane repair in small wounds within a single cell; however, it remains unclear how large wounds in the plasma membrane are repaired in metazoans. Here, we show that wounding triggers rapid transcriptional upregulation and dynamic recruitment of the fusogen EFF-1 to the wound site in C.

Wounding triggers MIRO-1 dependent mitochondrial fragmentation that accelerates epidermal wound closure through oxidative signaling.

Organisms respond to tissue damage through the upregulation of protective responses which restore tissue structure and metabolic function. Mitochondria are key sources of intracellular oxidative metabolic signals that maintain cellular homeostasis. Here we report that tissue and cellular wounding triggers rapid and reversible mitochondrial fragmentation.

[CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing in Caenorhabditis elegans].

The development of genome editing techniques based on CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 system has revolutionized biomedical researches. It can be utilized to edit genome sequence in almost any organisms including Caenorhabditis elegans, one of the most convenient and classic genetic model animals. The application of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing in C.

Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on PCV2 infected mice.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of virus infection and antioxidants are becoming promising candidates as therapeutic agents. This study is designed to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (TFSD) on oxidative stress in mice induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. The PCV2 infection leads to significant decrease in thymus and spleen indices, elevation of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, reduction in GSH level and GSH to GSSG ratio and decline of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicating the formation of immunosuppression and oxidative stress.

Effect of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on PCV2 induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells.

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (TFSD) on PCV2 induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells.

Methods: Oxidative stress model was established in RAW264.

Quantitative live cell fluorescence-microscopy analysis of fission yeast.

Several microscopy techniques are available today that can detect a specific protein within the cell. During the last decade live cell imaging using fluorochromes like Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) directly attached to the protein of interest has become increasingly popular. Using GFP and similar fluorochromes the subcellular localisations and movements of proteins can be detected in a fluorescent microscope.

Influences of acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes on fibroblasts: proliferation, adhesion, migration, and wound healing.

With the increasing applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in fields of biomedical engineering and medical chemistry, it is important to understand the response of mammalian cells to the CNTs exposure and treatment. In this study, the influences of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on cellular behavior of human dermal fibroblasts and NIH 3T3 murine fibroblasts were investigated. Results showed that the MWCNTs treatment induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity and arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, indicating inhibition of DNA synthesis.

Fabrication of cellular polycaprolactone films for cell culture.

Hierarchical cellular structures consisting of multilayers of ordered pores were created on a poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) film by introducing a colloidal crystal mask/template in thermomechanical lithography. The surface characteristics were measured by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, water contact angle and analyzed by Fourier Transform (FT). The resultant PCL films present a metastable superhydrophobicity.