Crystallization Modulation and Comprehensive Defect Passivation by Carbonyl Functionalized Spacer Cation Towards High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

The inverted cesium/formamidinium (CsFA)-based methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells possess great potential in simultaneously realizing high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and excellent stability. However, the uncontrollable crystallization process and poor film quality hinder further enhancement of photovoltaic performance and operational stability. Herein, we propose a synergistic modulation strategy of perovskite crystallization and the defects at grain boundaries (GBs) and interface by using a novel carbonyl functionalized spacer cation.

Reactive Plasma Deposition of ITO as an Efficient Buffer Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

In this study, the potential of reactive plasma deposition (RPD) is demonstrated for fabricating indium tin oxide (ITO) as an efficient buffer layer in inverted wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This method results in a certified efficiency of 21.33% for wide-bandgap PSCs, demonstrating superior thermal stability and operational stability.

Mitochondrial DNA leakage: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications in neurological disorders.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal instigator of neuroinflammation, with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage as a critical intermediary. This review delineates the intricate pathways leading to mtDNA release, which include membrane permeabilization, vesicular trafficking, disruption of homeostatic regulation, and abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics. The escaped mtDNA activates cytosolic DNA sensors, especially cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cGAS) signalling and inflammasome, initiating neuroinflammatory cascades via pathways, exacerbating a spectrum of neurological pathologies.

Corrigendum: Silver nanoparticles directly formed on natural macroporous matrix and their anti-microbial activities (2007, Nanotechnology, 18, 055605).

In the published article "Silver nanoparticles directly formed on natural macroporous matrix and their anti-microbial activities, Nanotechnology 18 (2007) 055605", the figure caption of Figure 8 has an error in immersion time, and the correct caption is given in this Corrigendum.

Buried Interface Modulation Using Self-Assembled Monolayer and Ionic Liquid Hybrids for High-Performance Perovskite and Perovskite/CuInGaSe Tandem Photovoltaics.

Effective modifications for the buried interface between self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and perovskites are vital for the development of efficient, stable inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and their tandem photovoltaics. Herein, an ionic-liquid-SAM hybrid strategy is developed to synergistically optimize the uniformity of SAMs and the crystallization of perovskites above. Specifically, an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-iumbis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (BMIMTFSI) is incorporated into the SAM solution, enabling reduced surface roughness, improved wettability, and a more evenly distributed surface potential of the SAM film.

Schaftoside improves HFpEF through regulation the autophagy-lysosome pathway by allosterically targeting CaMKII-δ.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) presents a significant challenge to global healthcare systems due to its complex presentation. HFpEF presents with a normal or near-normal left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac diastolic dysfunction, and a metabolic profile characterized by impaired inflammation and oxidative stress. There have been few valuable drug targets reported for HFpEF to date.

Simultaneous Suppression of Multilayer Ion Migration via Molecular Complexation Strategy toward High-Performance Regular Perovskite Solar Cells.

The migration and diffusion of Li, I and Ag impedes the realization of long-term operationally stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a multifunctional and universal molecular complexation strategy to simultaneously stabilize hole transport layer (HTL), perovskite layer and Ag electrode by the suppression of Li, I and Ag migration via directly incorporating bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) into HTL. Meanwhile, TCPO co-doping results in enhanced hole mobility of HTL, advantageous energy band alignment and mitigated interfacial defects, thereby leading to facilitated hole extraction and minimized nonradiative recombination losses.

Comparative Analysis of Microbial Diversity and Metabolic Profiles during the Spontaneous Fermentation of Jerusalem Artichoke ( L.) Juice.

Jerusalem artichoke juice is valued for its nutritional content and health benefits. Spontaneous fermentation enhances its flavor, quality, and functional components through microbial metabolic activities. This study used high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial community changes, and LC-MS and GC-MS to detect secondary metabolites and flavor compounds during fermentation.

Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of structural interlayers for rock masses during drilling process.

With the continuous development of underground engineering construction in China, it is particularly important to study the identification of structural plane characteristics of rock masses. In this study, three types of pseudo-rock specimens with structural plane interlayers were fabricated to analyze the patterns of drilling parameter changes in rock bodies with structural planes during the drilling process and to explore the characterization and identification methods of rock body structural planes. Gneiss, granite, and sandstone were used as rock materials, with gypsum mortar as the interlayer material for the structural planes in these three types of specimens.

Mapping Spatial Strain Distribution and Its Effects on Optoelectronic Properties in Wrinkled Perovskite Films.

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite films, fabricated by using the antisolvent method, have garnered intense attention for their application in high-efficiency and stable solar cells. These films characteristically develop periodic wrinkled microstructures. Previous research has indicated that macroscopic residual strain significantly influences the optoelectronic behaviors of these films.

The Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M in Cardiovascular Diseases.

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M (M-mAChR) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Owing to specific cardioprotective effects, M-mAChR is an ideal diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Growing evidence has linked M-mAChR to the development of multiple CVDs, in which it plays a role in cardiac protection such as anti-arrhythmia, anti-hypertrophy, and anti-fibrosis.

Study on the outdoor thermal comfort of college students under different activity intensities in a high-altitude climate zone.

Introduction: Research on the outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) of a university campus is beneficial to the physical and mental health of college students.

Methods: In this study, the OTC of students attending Tibet University in Lhasa, which experiences high-altitude cold climate conditions, under different activity intensities was studied using field measurements and a questionnaire survey.

Results: With the increase in activity intensity, the comfort physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) value gradually increased in summer, while the comfortable PET value gradually decreased in winter.

Bioactive compound schaftoside from Clinacanthus nutans attenuates acute liver injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through activation the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, a traditional herb renowned for its anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, has garnered considerable attention.

Proteomic characterization of hUC-MSC extracellular vesicles and evaluation of its therapeutic potential to treat Alzheimer's disease.

In recent years, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been used as a cell replacement therapy and have been shown to effectively overcome some of the disadvantages of cell therapy. However, the specific mechanism of action of EVs is still unclear, and there is no appropriate system for characterizing the differences in the molecular active substances of EVs produced by cells in different physiological states. We used a data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics method to identify and quantify the protein composition of two generations EVs from three different donors and analysed the function and possible mechanism of action of the proteins in EVs of hUC-MSCs via bioinformatics.

Single-cell sequencing reveals the immune microenvironment landscape related to anti-PD-1 resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer with high microsatellite instability.

Background: The objective response rate of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with first-line anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monotherapy is only 40-45%. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables unbiased analysis of the full variety of cells comprising the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we used scRNA-seq to assess differences among microenvironment components between therapy-resistant and therapy-sensitive groups in MSI-H/mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) mCRC.

Stable Indium Tin Oxide with High Mobility.

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used in a variety of optoelectronic devices, occupying a huge market share of $1.7 billion. However, traditional preparation methods such as magnetron sputtering limit the further development of ITO in terms of high preparation temperature (>350 °C) and low mobility (∼30 cm V s).

Levels, distribution characteristics, and sources of heavy metals in indoor dust in Shijiazhuang, China.

Heavy metals in indoor dust are associated with health risks in humans. However, in Shijiazhuang, a city in northern China with severe haze, no research has been published on this topic. To determine the content, distribution characteristics, and sources of heavy metals in indoor dust in the city of Shijiazhuang, indoor dust samples from 33 sampling points in the main urban area of Shijiazhuang were collected and tested.

Dyadobacter diqingensis sp. nov., isolated from Baima snow mountain of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province, south-west China.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigment-producing bacteria was isolated from Baima snow mountain of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province, south-west China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain YIM B04101 was closely related to the type strain of Dyadobacter koreensis DSM 19938 (97.81%) and Dyadobacter frigoris AR-3-8 (97.

Pressure-Induced Indirect-Direct Bandgap Transition of CsPbBr Single Crystal and Its Effect on Photoluminescence Quantum Yield.

Despite extensive study, the bandgap characteristics of lead halide perovskites are not well understood. Usually, these materials are considered as direct bandgap semiconductors, while their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is very low in the solid state or single crystal (SC) state. Some researchers have noted a weak indirect bandgap below the direct bandgap transition in these perovskites.

Evaluation and Optimization Design for Microclimate Comfort of Traditional Village Squares Based on Extension Correlation Function.

The evaluation approaches for microclimate comfort in traditional villages often ignore the year-round impact and the impact from dynamic and static behaviors, as well as the composite impact of wind and heat environments. To solve the problem, this study presents an evaluation and optimization design strategy for microclimate comfort of traditional village squares based on extension correlation function, using field survey, computer simulation, and example analysis. Firstly, the wind and heat environments in the space of the square were measured on the site with an ultrasonic integrated weather station.

Mixed Solvents Assisted Post-Treatment Enables High-Efficiency Single-Junction Perovskite and 4T Perovskite/CIGS Tandem Solar Cells.

The interface between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) plays a vital role in hole extraction and electron blocking in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and it is particularly susceptible to harmful defects. Surface passivation is an effective strategy for addressing the above concerns. However, because of its strong polarity, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is used as a solvent in all of the surface treatment materials reported thus far, and it frequently damages the surface of perovskite.

A novel highly dispersed tetra-metal nano heterogeneous ozone catalyst derived from microbial adsorption and in situ pyrolysis.

In recent years, the pyrolysis of microbial biomasses that adsorb various metal ions has enabled the preparation of carbon-based polymetallic nanomaterials with excellent electrocatalytic and electrical energy storage properties. However, the preparation of ozone catalysts by this technique and the corresponding catalytic oxidation mechanism are still unclear. In this study, an Escherichia coli strain (BL21) was used for tetra-metal (Cu, Fe, Mn and Al) absorption and the obtained microbial biomass was pyrolyzed under the protection of a nitrogen flow at 700 °C and activated at 900 °C to prepare a microbial-char-based tetra-metal ozone catalyst (MCOC).

A longitudinal study reveals the alterations of the Microtus fortis colonic microbiota during the natural resistance to Schistosoma japonicum infection.

The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to associate with protection against helminth infection and mediate via microbial effects on the host humoral immunity. As a non-permissive host of Schistosoma japonicum, the Microtus fortis provides an ideal animal model to be investigated, because of its natural self-healing capability. Although researches on the systemic immunological responses have revealed that the host immune system contributes a lot to the resistance, the role of gut microbiome remains unclear.