Strain energy in human tibia during different exercises with adjustable leg weights: a subject-specific computational model analysis.

Physical exercise is recommended to improve tibia strength, a common site for stress injuries, while identifying optimal training regimens remains a significant challenge. This study investigated tibial responses to varied exercise regimens using a subject-specific computational modeling approach. A subject-specific neuro-musculoskeletal model was combined with a finite element model to assess the effects of various exercises (jumping, landing, squatting, and walking) on tibial strain energy density (SED), as well as the impact of adjustable leg weights placed at different sites (shank versus thigh).

Multiphoton dissociation dynamics of molecular oxygen O2 via two-photon resonant Rydberg states in the UV region.

The photodissociation and photoionization of O2 and the subsequent photodissociation of O2+ in the wavelength region of 200 to 240 nm are reported using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and velocity map imaging detection. A series of two-photon allowed Rydberg states with principle quantum number n = 3-11 converging to the ground electronic state of O2+X2Πg are used as doorway states to reach the region of superexcited states of O2 in the three-photon energy range of 15.8-18.

Spectroscopic Kinetic Insights into the Critical Role of Metal-Oxide Interfaces in Enhancing the Concentration of Surface-Reaching Photoexcited Charges.

Surface modification of semiconductors with noble metals has been shown to effectively tune their photocatalytic activity. However, the photoinduced charge transfer processes at the metal/semiconductor interface and their impact on the concentration of surface-reaching photoexcited charges remain subjects of ongoing debate. In this study, we used time-resolved spectroscopy and kinetic analysis to investigate the behavior of surface-reaching photoholes in metal-loaded TiO nanoparticles.

A Scene Knowledge Integrating Network for Transmission Line Multi-Fitting Detection.

Aiming at the severe occlusion problem and the tiny-scale object problem in the multi-fitting detection task, the Scene Knowledge Integrating Network (SKIN), including the scene filter module (SFM) and scene structure information module (SSIM) is proposed. Firstly, the particularity of the scene in the multi-fitting detection task is analyzed. Hence, the aggregation of the fittings is defined as the scene according to the professional knowledge of the power field and the habit of the operators in identifying the fittings.

Twisted Benzothieno-Fused BOPHY Dyes as Triplet Photosensitizers with Long-Lived Triplet Excited States.

The synthesis of a series of photostable []-benzothieno-fused BOPHY derivatives is reported via one-pot condensation of formylated isoindoles or formylindoles with hydrazine and subsequent boron complexation. These dyes show strong absorption in the deep red region and acceptable fluorescence quantum yields (∼30%). The two fused benzothiophene moieties are slightly deviated from the BOPHY core (with dihedral angles of 6.

Simulation Analysis of Thermoacoustic Effect of CNT Film with Metasurface-Enhanced Acoustic Autofocusing.

This study introduces a novel thermoacoustic (TA) focusing system enhanced by Airy beam-based acoustic metasurfaces, significantly improving acoustic focusing and efficiency. The system integrates a TA emitter, fabricated from carbon nanotube (CNT) films, with a binary acoustic metasurface capable of generating quasi-Airy beams. Through finite element simulations, the system's heat conduction, acoustic focusing, and self-healing properties were thoroughly analyzed.

Multiphoton Ionization/Dissociation of Molecular Sulfur S in the UV Region.

The multiphoton ionization/dissociation dynamics of molecular sulfur (S) in the ultraviolet range of 205-300 nm is studied using velocity map ion imaging (VMI). In this one-color experiment, molecular sulfur (S) is generated in a pulsed discharge and then photodissociated by UV radiation. At the three-photon level, superexcited states are accessed via two different resonant states: the Σ (' = 8-11) valence states at the one-photon level and a Rydberg state at the two-photon level.

Saikosaponin d modulates the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages by deactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in murine models of pancreatic cancer.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poses a major obstacle to traditional and immunomodulatory cancer therapies and is closely associated with macrophage polarization. Saikosaponin d (SSd), a major active component of triterpene saponins derived from Bupleurum falcatum, has anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. However, whether SSd can regulate immune cells during the development of the TME in PDAC remains unknown.

A Phase Field Approach to Two-Dimensional Quasicrystals with Mixed Mode Cracks.

Quasicrystals (QCs) are representatives of a novel kind of material exhibiting a large number of remarkable specific properties. However, QCs are usually brittle, and crack propagation inevitably occurs in such materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the crack growth behaviors in QCs.

Photosensitive damage of dipeptides: mechanism and influence of structure.

We illustrate the influence of the dipeptide structure on photosensitive damage and the kinetic mechanism was investigated using acenaphthenequinone (ACQ) as a triplet photosensitizer. With tyrosine (Tyr) serving as the core structure, two classic dipeptides with double (trptophan-tyrosine, Trp-Tyr) and single (tyrosine-alanine, Tyr-Ala and Ala-Tyr) active reaction sites were constructed, and the underlying photodamage mechanisms were investigated carefully. According to the experimental results, the proton-coupled electron transfer processes between ACQ and numerous Trp-Tyr reaction sites have independent reaction properties.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Energy Absorption of Foam-Filled Local Nanocrystallized Thin-Walled Tubes under Axial Crushing.

A crashworthiness design of foam-filled local nanocrystallized thin-walled tubes (FLNTs) is proposed by using foam-filled structures and ultrasonic impact surface treatment. The crashworthiness and deformation modes of FLNTs are studied using an experiment and numerical analysis. A finite element numerical model of FLNTs is established, and the processing and test platform of FLNTs is set up to verify the numerical predication and analytical design.

Investigation on the photoinduced chemical reaction between -benzoquinone and tryptophan in homogeneous solution.

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and energy transfer between amino acids and bioquinones have become research hotspots, due to the important roles they play in a physiological environment. However, as classic benzoquinones and amino acids, the reaction mechanism of -benzoquinone (PBQ) and tryptophan (Trp) is still unclear. In this work, the photoinduced chemical reaction of PBQ and Trp was investigated in homogeneous solution using time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance and laser flash photolysis techniques.

Design and Optimization of a New Anti-reflux Biliary Stent With Retractable Bionic Valve Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis.

Duodenal biliary reflux has been a challenging common problem which could cause dreadful complications after biliary stent implantation. A novel anti-reflux biliary stent with a retractable bionic valve was proposed according to the concertina motion characteristics of annelids. A 2D equivalent fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model based on the axial section was established to analyze and evaluate the mechanical performances of the anti-reflux biliary stent.

A finite element analysis study based on valgus impacted femoral neck fracture under diverse stances.

The aim of the study was to determine the biomechanical environment of patients who suffer from valgus impacted femoral neck fracture. With the help of computational modeling, both of finite element hip fracture and normal three-dimensional model were reconstructed from a patient with hip fracture. The predicted stress distribution was compared between before and after fracture.

Design of bionic active-passive hybrid-driven prosthesis based on gait analysis and simulation of compound control method.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to design a prosthetic limb that is close to the motion characteristics of the normal human ankle joint.

Methods: In this study, combined with gait experiments, based on a dynamic ankle joint prosthesis, an active-passive hybrid-driven prosthesis was designed. On this basis, a real-time control algorithm based on the feedforward compensation angle outer loop is proposed.

Efficient Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Solution and Hydrogel Enabled by an S-T Absorption Os(II) Complex Dyad with an Elongated Triplet Lifetime.

A new Os(II) complex dyad featuring direct singlet-to-triplet (S-T) absorption and intramolecular triplet energy transfer (ITET) with lifetime up to 7.0 μs was designed to enhance triplet energy transfer efficiency during triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). By pairing with 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) as a triplet acceptor, intense upconverted green emission in deaerated solution was observed with unprecedented TTA-UC emission efficiency up to 26.

Multi-photon absorption organotin complex for bioimaging and promoting ROS generation.

Compared to general fluorescent dyes, multi-photon fluorescent dyes exhibit deeper tissue penetration and lower auto-fluorescence in the bio-imaging field. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient multiphoton imaging agent for deep tissue imaging. In this work, an organotin derivative (HSnBu) has been designed and synthesized, which shows multiphoton absorption activity.

A three-dimensional measurement based on CT for the posterior tilt with ideal inter-and intra-observer reliability in non-displaced femoral neck fractures.

Posterior tilt is associated with prognosis of non-displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs). Knowledge of their association is critical and informs surgeons whether to choose internal fixation or arthroplasty in treatment of non-displaced FNFs. This study aimed to design a novel three-dimensional (3D) posterior tilt measurement and evaluate the intra- and inter-observer variability compared to two-dimensional (2D) measurement proposed by Palm.

Post-buckling analysis of functionally graded multilayer graphene platelet reinforced composite cylindrical shells under axial compression.

Axially compressed composite cylindrical shells can attain multiple bifurcation points in their post-buckling procedure because of the natural transverse deformation restraint provided by their geometry. In this paper, the post-buckling analysis of functionally graded (FG) multilayer graphene platelets reinforced composite (GPLRC) cylindrical shells under axial compression is carried out to investigate the stability of such shells. Rather than the critical buckling limit, the focus of the present study is to obtain convergence post-buckling response curves of axially compressed FG multilayer GPLRC cylindrical shells.

Design and evaluation of a novel anti-reflux biliary stent with cone spiral valve.

Endoscopic placement of biliary stent is a well-established palliative treatment for biliary obstruction. However, duodenobiliary reflux after stent placement has been a common problem which may lead to dreadful complications. This paper designed a novel anti-reflux biliary stent with a cone spiral valve.

PEDF improves atherosclerotic plaque stability by inhibiting macrophage inflammation response.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease with plaque formation and growth. Instable plaque with chronic inflammation is closely related to adverse cardiac outcomes. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous multifunctional cytokine that possesses the ability of anti-inflammation.

Chinese Herbal Cardiotonic Pill Stabilizes Vulnerable Plaques in Rabbits by Decreasing the Expression of Adhesion Molecules.

The cardiotonic pill (CP), consisting of a mixture of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Notoginseng, and Borneolum Syntheticum, has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Adhesion molecules, including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, are involved in the development of vulnerable plaque. We investigated the effect of the CP in a rabbit model of vulnerable plaque established by local transfection with p53 gene.

Relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese Uygur population.

Aims: To investigate the relationships between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and conventional cardiovascular risk factors in Uygur population.

Methods: In totally 226 Uygur subjects, common carotid IMT values were detected, and the anthropometric and laboratory measurements were recorded.

Results: Correlation analysis showed that the factors of age, BMI, SBP, DBP, PP, hypertension, TC, LDL-C, TG, Apo B, diabetes mellitus, glucose, smoking status, creatinine, IHD, and stroke were significantly and positively associated with carotid IMT in Uygur males.