Ivermectin induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in Haemonchus contortus.

Haemonchus contortus poses a severe threat to livestock, leading to substantial economic losses. The extensive use of ivermectin (IVM), an effective anthelmintic drug, has resulted in the development of resistant strains, reducing the drug's effectiveness and making disease management more challenging. Hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms of IVM resistance is crucial.

Effect of Ivermectin on the Expression of P-Glycoprotein in Third-Stage Larvae of Isolated from China.

poses a severe hazard to the healthy development of the sheep industry and threatens the welfare of sheep. Ivermectin is the primary anthelmintic used for the prevention and treatment of parasitism. However, the widespread and uncontrolled application of ivermectin has resulted in the development and spread of resistant strains of .

Analyses of mitogenomic markers shed light on the divergence, population dynamics, and demographic history of Pakistani chickens.

Pakistan is one of a few sites, associated with the earliest known independent domestication event in the evolutionary history of chicken, which is socio-economically and historically the most important poultry bird in the country. However, the divergence, past population dynamics, and demographic history of Pakistani chickens have not been addressed so far. Therefore, we herein investigated the indigenous Pakistani chickens using mitogenomic markers.

Suppression of hyaluronidase reduces invasion and establishment of Haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep.

Haemonchus contortus is a hematophagous endoparasite of small ruminants, which is responsible for huge economic losses in livestock sector. Hyaluronidase produced by infective larvae of H. contortus can degrade hyaluronic acid present in the host's abomasal tissue.

A Whole Genome Re-Sequencing Based GWA Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Ivermectin Resistance in .

The most important and broad-spectrum drug used to control the parasitic worms to date is ivermectin (IVM). Resistance against IVM has emerged in parasites, and preserving its efficacy is now becoming a serious issue. The parasitic nematode (Rudolphi, 1803) is economically an important parasite of small ruminants across the globe, which has a successful track record in IVM resistance.

Analysis of genome-wide SNPs based on 2b-RAD sequencing of pooled samples reveals signature of selection in different populations of .

The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus is one of the world's most important parasites of small ruminants that causes significant economic losses to the livestock sector. The population structure and selection in its various strains are poorly understood. No study so far compared its different populations using genome-wide data.

Microsatellite analysis reveals extensive gene flow, and lack of population structure in the farm populations of Haemonchus contortus in northern China.

The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus is economically an important parasite of small ruminants across the globe. China is the world's largest producer, consumer, and importer of mutton. With ubiquitous distribution across the country H.

Ethnogenetic analysis reveals that Kohistanis of Pakistan were genetically linked to west Eurasians by a probable ancestral genepool from Eurasian steppe in the bronze age.

Despite the unique geographic, ethnic, social and cultural features of Kohistan in Pakistan, the origin and descent of Kohistanis remain still obscure. In an effort to address questions concerning the genetic structure, origin and genetic affinities of Kohistanis, we herein applied an ethnogenetic approach consisting on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis and dental morphology analysis. We sequenced HVS1 of mtDNA, observed 14 haplotypes and assigned a total of 9 haplogroups belonging to macrolineages M (17%) and N (83%).

Spatiotemporal expression pattern of Sjfz7 and its expression comparison with other frizzled family genes in developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum.

Wnts are secreted signaling molecules that are implicated in a variety of growth-related processes. Frizzled proteins have been identified as receptors for Wnt ligands in vertebrates and invertebrates, but a functional role for dioecious flatworm Frizzleds has not been determined. To evaluate the endogenous role of Frizzled proteins during development, we have identified and characterized a Schistosoma japonicum frizzled gene (Sjfz7).

Population structure, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of different rural and commercial chickens of Pakistan using complete sequence of mtDNA D-loop.

Chicken is the most important poultry bird in Pakistan that not only provides nutrition but also contributes to country's economy. The Pakistani chicken and its germplasm resources are not genetically characterized and explored. Here, we focused at rural and commercial chickens of Pakistan and explored genetic diversity, population structure and phylogeny.

SjCRT, a recombinant Schistosoma japonicum calreticulin, induces maturation of dendritic cells and a Th1-polarized immune response in mice.

Background: It is well known that immunization of radiation-attenuated (RA) schistosoma cercariae or schistosomula can induce high levels of protective immunity against schistosoma cercariae reinfection in many animals. Many studies have shown that the Th1 cellular immune response is crucial for the protective effect elicited by RA schistosomula. However, the molecular mechanism of this strong protective immunity remains unclear.

Characterization and expression pattern of a novel Frizzled 8 receptor gene in Schistosoma japonicum.

Wnt signaling as mediated by the Frizzled family receptors plays a vital role in the early development of animal embryos, organ formation, tissue regeneration and other physiological processes. In the present study, a novel Frizzled member, SjFz8, was isolated and characterized in Schistosoma japonicum. SjFz8 encodes an 1162-amino-acid protein with typical characteristics of Frizzled proteins.

Genome-wide SNP analysis using 2b-RAD sequencing identifies the candidate genes putatively associated with resistance to ivermectin in Haemonchus contortus.

Background: The excessive and uncontrolled use of anthelmintics, e.g. ivermectin (IVM) for the treatment of livestock parasites has led to widespread resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes, such as Haemonchus contortus.

Molecular characterization of S. japonicum exosome-like vesicles reveals their regulatory roles in parasite-host interactions.

Secreted extracellular vesicles play an important role in pathogen-host interactions. Increased knowledge of schistosome extracellular vesicles could provide insights into schistosome-host interactions and enable the development of novel intervention strategies to inhibit parasitic processes and lessen disease transmission. Here, we describe biochemical characterization of Schistosoma japonicum exosome-like vesicles (S.

The Differential Expression of Immune Genes between Water Buffalo and Yellow Cattle Determines Species-Specific Susceptibility to Schistosoma japonicum Infection.

Water buffalo are less susceptible to Schistosoma japonicum infection than yellow cattle. The factors that affect such differences in susceptibility remain unknown. A Bos taurus genome-wide gene chip was used to analyze gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood of water buffalo and yellow cattle pre- and post-infection with S.

Characterization and expression analysis of Wnt5 in Schistosoma japonicum at different developmental stages.

Wnt signaling is a key pathway involving the regulation of cell development and growth in metazoa. An analysis of Wnt signaling in Schistosoma japonicum might provide information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying parasite development, which might be useful for vaccine screening and identification of pharmaceutical targets. The SjWnt5 gene, a member of the Wnt gene family, contained an 1149-bp open reading frame that encoded a 382-aa protein.

Evaluation of protective immune response in mice by vaccination the recombinant adenovirus for expressing Schistosoma japonicum inhibitor apoptosis protein.

Schistosomiasis is a worldwide parasitic disease, and while it can be successfully treated with chemotherapy, this does not prevent reinfection with the parasite. Adenovirus vectors have been widely used for vaccine delivery, and a vaccination approach has the potential to prevent infection with Schistosoma. Here, we developed a recombinant adenoviral vector that expresses Schistosoma japonicum inhibitor apoptosis protein (Ad-SjIAP) and assessed its immunoprotective functions against schistosomiasis in mice.

Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles of Schistosoma japonicum derived from less-susceptible host water buffalo and susceptible host goat.

Background: Water buffalo and goats are natural hosts for S. japonicum in endemic areas of China. The susceptibility of these two hosts to schistosome infection is different, as water buffalo are less conducive to S.

[Longitudinal observation of epidemic dynamics of schistosomiasis in bovine in two mountainous endemic regions].

Objective: To understand the endemic situation dynamics of schistosomiasis in domestic animals (mainly bovine) in mountainous endemic regions, so as to provide the reference for evaluating the control effect and improving control strategy.

Methods: Two representative pilots (Renmei and Dacang) in mountainous schistosomiasis endemic regions were selected for survey. The schistosome infection status of bovine was investigated by the miracidium hatching method, the pasture of bovine were investigated by home visiting, and the distributions of wild feces and Oncomelania snails, and the snail schistosome infection status were also investigated in April and September every year.

A non-catalytic function of Rev1 in translesion DNA synthesis and mutagenesis is mediated by its stable interaction with Rad5.

DNA damage tolerance consisting of template switching and translesion synthesis is a major cellular mechanism in response to unrepaired DNA lesions during replication. The Rev1 pathway constitutes the major mechanism of translesion synthesis and base damage-induced mutagenesis in model cell systems. Rev1 is a dCMP transferase, but additionally plays non-catalytic functions in translesion synthesis.

Ultrastructural observation and gene expression profiling of Schistosoma japonicum derived from two natural reservoir hosts, water buffalo and yellow cattle.

Water buffalo and yellow cattle are the two of the most important natural reservoir hosts for Schistosoma japonicum in endemic areas of China, although their susceptibility differs, with water buffalo being less conducive to the growth and development of S. japonicum. Results from the current study show that the general morphology and ultrastructure of adult schistosomes derived from the two hosts also differed.

[Screening and verification on characteristic differentially expressed genes of Schistosoma japonicum from three reservoir hosts].

Objective: To get the characteristic differentially expressed genes of Schistosoma japonicum from three important reservoir hosts: yellow cattle, water buffalo and goat, so as to find the genetic markers to identify the various sources of the parasite reservoir hosts.

Methods: The 49 d worms were collected from artificially infected animals, and the total RNA(s) of worms were extracted and reverse-transcripted to cDNA, and then hybridized with custom-built microarray to screen characteristic differentially expressed genes of every host, and the microarray results were validated by the real-time PCR method.

Results: From results of microarray, we got 3 characteristic differentially expressed genes of S.

Comparison of worm development and host immune responses in natural hosts of Schistosoma japonicum, yellow cattle and water buffalo.

Background: Yellow cattle and water buffalo are two of the most important natural hosts for Schistosoma japonicum in China. Previous observation has revealed that yellow cattle are more suited to the development of S. japonicum than water buffalo.

Characterization and expression of a novel Frizzled 9 gene in Schistosoma japonicum.

Wnt signaling regulates a diverse array of eukaryotic development processes, which are mediated by the Frizzled family receptors. However, the role of this signaling pathway in the development of Schistosoma japonicum remains poorly understood. We isolated a novel S.

Study on differences in the pathology, T cell subsets and gene expression in susceptible and non-susceptible hosts infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

More than 40 kinds of mammals in China are known to be naturally infected with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum); Microtus fortis (M. fortis), a species of vole, is the only mammal in which the schistosomes cannot mature or cause significant pathogenic changes.