Branched-Chain Amino Acids Target miR-203a/fosb Axis to Promote Skeletal Muscle Growth in Common Carp ().

Starvation is an environmental stress that cannot be ignored during the growth of aquatic animals. Amino acid composition and balance can influence the nutritional effects, regulating the anabolic metabolism and energy signaling in the organism. Among these, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are essential amino acids in fish, play vital roles in energy regulation and growth metabolism.

Evolutionary Multitask Optimization for Multiform Feature Selection in Classification.

Feature selection (FS) is a significant research topic in machine learning and artificial intelligence, but it becomes complicated in the high dimensional search space due to the vast number of features. Evolutionary computation (EC) has been widely used in solving FS by modeling it as an expensive wrapper-form optimization task, where a classifier is used to obtain classification accuracy for fitness evaluation (FE). In this article, we propose that the FS problem can be also modeled as a cheap filter-form optimization task, where the FE is based on the relevance and redundancy of the selected features.

Bacterial Swimming and Accumulation on Endothelial Cell Surfaces.

Flagellar-driven locomotion plays a critical role in the bacterial attachment and colonization of surfaces, contributing to the risks of contamination and infection. Extensive efforts to uncover the underlying principles governing bacterial motility near surfaces have relied on idealized assumptions about surrounding artificial surfaces. However, in the context of living systems, the role of cells from tissues and organs becomes increasingly critical, particularly in bacterial swimming and adhesion, yet it remains poorly understood.

Personalized Vascularized Tumor Organoid-on-a-Chip for Tumor Metastasis and Therapeutic Targeting Assessment.

While tumor organoids have revolutionized cancer research by recapitulating the cellular architecture and behaviors of real tumors in vitro, their lack of functional vasculature hinders their attainment of full physiological capabilities. Current efforts to vascularize organoids are struggling to achieve well-defined vascular networks, mimicking the intricate hierarchy observed in vivo, which restricts the physiological relevance particularly for studying tumor progression and response to therapies targeting the tumor vasculature. An innovative vascularized patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs)-on-a-chip with hierarchical, tumor-specific microvasculature is presented, providing a versatile platform to explore tumor-vascular dynamics and antivascular drug efficacy.

Multi Targeted Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease by Guanidinium-Modified Calixarene and Cyclodextrin Co-Assembly Loaded with Insulin.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered a primary therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, just eliminating Aβ in patients with AD has exhibited restricted clinical efficacy, possibly failing to address the metabolic abnormalities caused by AD, such as insulin resistance. To address this concern, our research has employed two types of macrocyclic amphiphiles, guanidinium-modified calixarene and cyclodextrin coassembly (GCD), as delivery systems for insulin.

Dynamics of endothelial cells migration in nature-mimicking blood vessels.

Endothelial cells (ECs) migration is a crucial early step in vascular repair and tissue neovascularization. While extensive research has elucidated the biochemical drivers of endothelial motility, the impact of biophysical cues, including vessel geometry and topography, remains unclear. Herein, we present a novel approach to reconstruct 3D self-assembly blood vessels-on-a-chip that accurately replicates real vessel geometry and topography, surpassing conventional 2D flat tube formation models.

Preliminary study of the homeostatic regulation of osseointegration by nanotube topology.

The ideal implant surface plays a substantial role in maintaining bone homeostasis by simultaneously promoting osteoblast differentiation and limiting overactive osteoclast activity to a certain extent, which leads to satisfactory dynamic osseointegration. However, the rational search for implant materials with an ideal surface structure is challenging and a hot research topic in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, we constructed titanium dioxide titanium nanotubes (TNTs) by anodic oxidation and found that this structure significantly promoted osteoblast differentiation and inhibited osteoclast formation and function while simultaneously inhibiting the total protein levels of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK).

The molecular characteristics could supplement the staging system of pT2/T3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a translational study based on a cohort with over 20 years of follow-up.

Objective: This study aimed to construct a model based on 23 enrolled molecules to evaluate prognoses of pT2/3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with up to 20 years of follow-up.

Methods: The lasso-Cox model was used to identify the candidate molecule. A nomogram was conducted to develop the survival model (molecular score, MS) based on the molecular features.

Vaccinia virus induces EMT-like transformation and RhoA-mediated mesenchymal migration.

The emerging outbreak of monkeypox is closely associated with the viral infection and spreading, threatening global public health. Virus-induced cell migration facilitates viral transmission. However, the mechanism underlying this type of cell migration remains unclear.

Lamin A/C and Vimentin as a Coordinated Regulator during Amoeboid Migration in Microscale Confined Microenvironments.

Cell migration occurs in confined microenvironments, which plays a vital role in the process of tumor metastasis. However, it is challenging to study their behaviors in vivo. Here we developed a cell squeeze system that can be scaled down to micrometers to mimic native physical confined microenvironments, wherein degrees of surface adhesion and mechanical constraints could be manipulated in order to investigate cell-migrating behaviors.

The complete plastome of (Anacardiaceae): an edible deciduous tree species from South America.

is a deciduous tree in the family Anacardiaceae. The species originates in South America and now is widely cultivated in tropical areas due to its edible fruits. In this study, we find that the length of the complete plastome of is 162,256 bp.

Integrated microfluidic-SERS for exosome biomarker profiling and osteosarcoma diagnosis.

Osteosarcoma is one of the most frequent primary sarcoma of bone among adolescents. Early diagnosis of osteosarcoma is the key factor to achieve high survival rate of patients. Nevertheless, traditional histological biopsy is highly invasive and associated with the risk of arousing tumor spread.

Effects of Soundscape on Flow State during Diabolo Exercise.

“Soundscape” is defined as “an acoustic environment as perceived or experienced and/or understood by a person or people, in context.” The research focuses on the physical properties of sound, paying attention to the relationship between the soundscape and people. Sports provide a comprehensive context, including the athletes, their behavior, the environment, spectators, and other elements.

Complete plastome sequence from a cultivar of (J.F.Gmel.) M.R. Almeida (Ebenaceae): a nutritious fruit tree with high economic value cultivated in Hainan province, China.

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Topological and enzymatic analysis of human Alg2 mannosyltransferase reveals its role in lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic pathway.

N-glycosylation starts with the biosynthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Alg2 mannosyltransferase adds both the α1,3- and α1,6-mannose (Man) onto ManGlcNAc-pyrophosphate-dolichol (MGn-PDol) in either order to generate the branched MGn-PDol product. The well-studied yeast Alg2 interacts with ER membrane through four hydrophobic domains.

Trametes robiniophila represses angiogenesis and tumor growth of lung cancer via strengthening let-7d-5p and targeting NAP1L1.

Trametes robiniophila (Huaier) is available to refrain lung cancer (LC) cell progression, but its impact and mechanism on angiogenesis of LC are not proved. The study was to explore the potential mechanism of Huaier repressing angiogenesis and tumor growth in LC via strengthening let-7d-5p and targeting NAP1L1. Let-7d-5p and NAP1L1 expression was detected in LC tissues and cells (A549).

How Physical Factors Coordinate Virus Infection: A Perspective From Mechanobiology.

Pandemics caused by viruses have threatened lives of thousands of people. Understanding the complicated process of viral infection provides significantly directive implication to epidemic prevention and control. Viral infection is a complex and diverse process, and substantial studies have been complemented in exploring the biochemical and molecular interactions between viruses and hosts.

Recognition and Removal of Amyloid-β by a Heteromultivalent Macrocyclic Coassembly: A Potential Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

The imbalance of amyloid-β (Aβ) production and clearance causes aggregation of Aβ monomers to form fibrils and amyloid plaques, which is an indispensable process in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and eventually leads to pathological changes and cognitive impairment. Consequently, Aβ is the most important target for the treatment of AD. However, developing a single treatment method that can recognize Aβ , inhibit Aβ fibrillation, eliminate amyloid plaques, improve cognitive impairments, and alleviate AD-like pathology is challenging.

Electrically precise control of the spin polarization of electronic transport at the single-molecule level.

Compared with the conventional magnetic means (such as ferromagnetic contacts), controlling a spin current by electrical methods could largely reduce the energy consumption and dimensions of nano-devices, which has become a focus of research in spintronics. Inspired by recent progress in the synthesis of an iron-based metal-organic nanostructure, we investigate the spin-dependent electronic transport of the molecule of Fe-terpyridine-phenyl-phenyl-terpyridine-Fe (Fe-TPPT-Fe) through first-principles calculations, and propose a three-terminal device without ferromagnetics. By applying a gate voltage, not only the spin polarization can be switched between 100% and -100% to achieve a dual-spin filter, but also its fine regulation can be realized, where the transmission with any ratio of spin-up to spin-down electron numbers is achievable.

[Advanced Nitrogen Removal Characteristics of Low Carbon Source Municipal Wastewater Treatment via Partial-denitrification Coupled with ANAMMOX].

Partial-denitrification coupled with ANAMMOX is a novel biological nitrogen removal technology, which is expected to significantly reduce the external carbon source dosage for advanced nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. In this study, ANAMMOX sludge was inoculated to investigate advanced nitrogen removal performance and sludge characteristics in a partial-denitrification/ANAMMOX reactor. The results showed that inoculation of ANAMMOX sludge could quickly start the partial-denitrification/ANAMMOX reactor.

Using 17β-estradiol heparin-poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel to enhance the endometrial regeneration and functional recovery of intrauterine adhesions in a rat model.

Mechanical damage or infection to the endometrium can lead to the formation of adhesions in the uterine cavity, which may result in reduced reproductive outcome and/or pregnancy complications. The prognosis of this disease is poor due to few effective treatments and the complex environment of endometrium. Heparin-Poloxamer Hydrogel (HP hydrogel) is a nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterial, which has been commonly used as a sustained-release delivery system.

Reconstitution of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide pathway for assembly of high-mannose N-glycans.

The asparagine (N)-linked Man9GlcNAc2 is required for glycoprotein folding and secretion. Understanding how its structure contributes to these functions has been stymied by our inability to produce this glycan as a homogenous structure of sufficient quantities for study. Here, we report the high yield chemoenzymatic synthesis of Man9GlcNAc2 and its biosynthetic intermediates by reconstituting the eukaryotic lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) pathway.

Metformin Promotes Regeneration of the Injured Endometrium Via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis.

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is now recognized as one of the most common diseases in reproductive-age women. Metformin, a well-known frontline oral antidiabetic drug, has been found effective in numerous different diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metformin on reducing adhesions in an animal model of IUA.