Surgical treatment of bipolar segmental clavicle fracture: A case report.

Background: Shoulder injuries caused by trauma are common, including clavicle fractures. Even so, bipolar segmental fracture of the clavicle is extremely rare and seldom reported. Therefore, there is still a controversial issue about how to treat these bipolar segmental clavicle fractures.

Neutral Boryl Radicals in Mixed-Valent B Br-B Adducts.

The general strategies to stabilize a boryl radical involve single electron delocalization by π-system and the steric hinderance from bulky groups. Herein, a new class of boryl radicals is reported, with intramolecular mixed-valent B Br-B adducts ligated by a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC). The radicals feature a large spin density on the boron center, which is ascertained by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.

Difluorocarbene-derived trifluoromethylselenolation of benzyl halides.

Cu-Promoted difluorocarbene-derived trifluoromethylselenolation of benzyl halides with the Ph3P+CF2CO2-/Se/F- system is described. Three new carbon-heteroatom bonds, a Se-CF2 bond, SeCF2-F bond, and C-SeCF3 bond, were sequentially formed in the reaction. This work represents the first trifluoromethylselenolation protocol involving an external fluoride for the generation of the key intermediate, CF3Se- anion.

PALLD Regulates Phagocytosis by Enabling Timely Actin Polymerization and Depolymerization.

PALLD is an actin cross-linker supporting cellular mechanical tension. However, its involvement in the regulation of phagocytosis, a cellular activity essential for innate immunity and physiological tissue turnover, is unclear. We report that is highly induced along with all--retinoic acid-induced maturation of myeloid leukemia cells, to promote Ig- or complement-opsonized phagocytosis.

An Up-regulation of IRF-1 After a Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Neuronal Apoptosis.

IRF-1, a kind of transcription factor, is expressed in many cell types, except in early embryonal cells. IRF-1 has played an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor immune surveillance, viral infection, development of immunity system and pro-inflammatory injury. However, the expression and function of IRF-1 in spinal cord injury (SCI) are still unknown.

[Effect of periostin on the function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in acidic environment].

Objective: To observe the effect of recombinant periostin protein on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in acidic environment.

Methods: HUVECs were divided into three groups: normal control (pH 7.31±0.

IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha inhibit expression of TGF-beta-1, its receptors TBETAR-I and TBETAR-II in the corpus luteum of PMSG/hCG treated rhesus monkey.

The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ that secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy. Using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and computer imaging analysis, we have investigated the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-beta 1) , its receptors, type I (TbetaR-I) and type II (TbetaR-II) as well as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the corpus luteum (CL) of the rhesus monkey at various stages of CL development. The CL was induced by injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Involvement of molecules related to angiogenesis, proteolysis and apoptosis in implantation in rhesus monkey and mouse.

We have established the well-defined cycling, pseudo-pregnant and pregnant rhesus monkey models, and used these to analyze expression of the common molecules specifically related to angiogenesis, apoptosis or proteolysis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors KDR, flt-1, flt-4 and flk-1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its receptors Flg, transforming growth factor-alpha and beta1 (TGF-a/beta1), and TGF-beta1 receptor type I (TbetaR-I) and type II (TbetaR-II), as well as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), tissue type plasminogen activator/urokinase plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (tPA/uPA/PAI-1) and matrix matalloproteinase type 1, -3/tissue inhibitor matalloproteinase type 1, -2, -3 (MMP-1, -3/TIMP-1, -2, -3), Fas/FasL, BcL-2/Bax, in the corpus luteum (CL), in the functional layer of the endometrium and in the materno-fetal boundary of the implantation site. We have demonstrated that: expression of these molecules in the monkey CL, endometrium and materno-fetal boundary of the implantation site is correlated well with CL functional and vascular development and with the processes involved in the establishment of the implantation window as well as with the early stages of placentation. A coordinated increase in tPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 expression in the monkey and rat CL may be instrumental in initiating luteal regression in both species, and correlated well with the timing of the closure of the implantation window, whereas high uPA activity in the CL is important for the early formation of the CL and for maintaining its function which is closely correlated to the period of establishment of the implantation window.

VEGF, bFGF, and their receptors in the endometrium of rhesus monkey during menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.

A number of cytokines and growth factors are known to modulate proliferation and differentiation of human endometrium. In this study, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and VEGF receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt1) and kinase insert domain-containing region (KDR), and bFGF receptor 1 (Flg) were examined in the endometrium of rhesus monkey on Day 5, 10, 16, 20, 25 of menstrual cycle and on Day 19 of early pregnancy. Western blot analysis showed the specificity of the anti-human antibodies with the monkey tissue.

Regulatory effect of IFN-gamma on expression of TGF-beta 1, T beta R-II, and StAR in corpus luteum of pregnant rhesus monkey.

Aim: To examine expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and TGF beta receptor II (T beta R-II) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the corpus luteum (CL) of pregnant monkeys at various stages and to study possible effect of IFN-gamma on their production.

Methods: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect mRNA and protein.

Results: The expression of StAR, TGF-beta 1, and T beta R-II in the pregnant monkey CL was progressively decreased from d 15 to d 35 of gestation.