Molecular epidemiology analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infections in Chinese infants.

Background: Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among children. Previous studies based on symptomatic infections indicated that mutations, rather than recombination drove the evolution of the norovirus ORF2. These characteristics were found in hospital-based symptomatic infections, whereas, asymptomatic infections are frequent and contribute significantly to transmission.

Safety and immunogenicity of a novel oral hexavalent rotavirus vaccine：a phase I clinical trial.

Rotavirus infections, prevalent in human populations, are caused mostly by group A viruses. Immunization against rotaviruses in infancy is currently the most effective and economical strategy to prevent rotavirus infection. This study evaluated the safety of a novel hexavalent rotavirus vaccine and analyzed its dose and immunogenicity.

Immune response to different types of hepatitis B vaccine booster doses 2-32 years after the primary immunization schedule and its influencing factors.

Objective: To assess the immune effect of different types of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) booster doses 2-32 years after primary immunization, explore the influencing factors, and offer guidance regarding the necessity and timing of boosters.

Methods: In total, 1163 participants who were born from 1986 to 2015, received the HepB full-course primary vaccination, were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) negative, and had hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) <10 mIU/mL were enrolled. Individuals were randomly divided into two groups and received a booster dose of HepB.

Immune persistence 17 to 20 years after primary vaccination with recombination hepatitis B vaccine (CHO) and the effect of booster dose vaccination.

Background: To assess the immune persistence conferred by a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) 17 to 20 years after primary immunization during early life.

Methods: Participants born between 1997 and 1999 who received a full course of primary vaccination with HepB (CHO) and who had no experience with booster vaccination were enrolled. Blood samples were required from each participant for measurement of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), surface antigen and core antibody levels.

Investigation of Nonmotor Symptoms in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Different Clinical Types of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are prodromal characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). The first-degree relatives (FDR) of PD patients had a higher risk of PD and also had more NMS.

Objective: To delineate NMS in FDR of patients with different clinical types of PD.

Comparison of Micro-Clamping Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy with Conventional Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy in Intracranial Large Vessel Embolism.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of micro-clamping stent-retriever thrombectomy (MSRT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke with intracranial large vessel embolism (ILVE), and compare it with that of conventional stent-retriever thrombectomy (CSRT).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 108 patients with ILVA treated by MSRT (n = 52) or CSRT (n = 56) from the 2 participating institutions between January 2016 and November 2017. The rates of successful (Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] grade 2b or 3) and complete reperfusion (mTICI grade 3), time from guide catheter placement to reperfusion, rates of first-pass success, and the number of passes for reperfusion were compared between the MSRT and CSRT groups.

Investigation of non-motor symptoms in first-degree relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are important prodromal characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the incidence of NMS in first-degree relatives, such as siblings of PD patients, is still unknown.

Methods: A total of 98 PD patients of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University were recruited; 210 siblings of these patients were included in a first-degree relatives (FDR) group and 250 healthy individuals were included in a control group.

Immune memory at 17-years of follow-up of a single dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine.

Background: In recent years, hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has declined considerably in China, associated with wide deployment of HAV vaccines and improvement in socio-economic indicators. Towards the elimination of HA in the country, we assessed the duration and characteristics of immunity conferred by the widely used, locally manufactured HAV vaccine.

Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study that followed recipients of a live attenuated HAV vaccine 17 years after the initial administration.

Thrombectomy Using "Clamping Embolus with Semi-Retrieval" Technique in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Embolization of thrombus fragments in new or downstream vascular territories is a potential adverse event in neurothrombectomy, requiring additional repeated thrombectomy attempts. This study aims to describe technical results of the thrombectomy with clamping embolus technique (TCET) method in acute ischemic stroke. This study also aims to evaluate the efficiency of mechanical thrombectomy by TCET, and to compare it with conventional stent retriever thrombectomy (CSRT).

Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Early Days: Correlation between Passive Activation and Motor Recovery After Unilateral Striatocapsular Cerebral Infarction.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pattern and the motor function recovery of an affected limb during the passive movement of the affected limb at an early stage of the striatocapsular infarction (SCI).

Methods: A total of 17 patients with an acute stage of SCI and 3 healthy volunteers as controls were included in this study. fMRI scans of passive movement were performed on the affected limbs of stroke patients within 1 week of onset.

Effectiveness of the live attenuated rotavirus vaccine produced by a domestic manufacturer in China studied using a population-based case-control design.

A universal rotavirus (RV) immunization program is a potentially cost-effective measure for preventing RV infection in China. However, the efficacy of the only licensed RV vaccine (Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine, LLR), which is made by a domestic manufacturer, has not been proven by a properly designed clinical trial. In October 2011 to March 2012, to measure the potential protection provided by LLR, a case-control study nested in a population-based active diarrhea surveillance study of children <5 years of age was conducted in rural Zhengding county.

Waning of anti-HAV immunity in Shijiazhuang prefecture, Hebei province, China: a comparison of seroprevalence between 1992 and 2011.

Objective: To study the epidemiological patterns of hepatitis A, and immunity of entire population in Shijiazhuang prefecture, Hebei province, a former hyper-endemic area in north China.

Methods: Cross-sectional, seroprevalence surveys with two-stage cluster sampling were conducted among population older than 2-year between 1992 and 2011. During the 2011 serological survey, blood samples from infants <18 months without hepatitis A immunization history were also collected to determine maternal anti-HAV antibody.

[12 years immunological effects of hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques in Chinese hamster ovary cell].

Objective: To understand the long-term immunological effects of a recombined hepatitis B vaccine [HepB made by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell, HepB (CHO)].

Method: from 1997 to 1999 all newborns in Zhengding County were administered to HepB (CHO)at birth. Children in 3 of all 7 towns in the county were selected as study objects to check their hepatitis B vaccination history and test for HBV markers.

[The immunological effects of three doses of a live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (H2 strain) in 8 years].

Objective: To observe the immunological effects of three doses of H2 strain live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine 8 years after the administration and to compare with that of one dose of the vaccine.

Methods: In a country area, 110 children of 1 to 7 years old susceptible to HAV were screened and administered with one dose of the vaccine, as group B; Group A were 42 children from one of the villages and administered with 3 doses of the vaccine according to 0, 2, 6 month schedule. Blood samples were taken for the children 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 96 months after the administrations respectively and detected for anti-HAV antibody.

[Comparison of antibody persistence between live attenuated and inactivated hepatitis A vaccines].

Objective: To study the antibody persistence of live attenuated hepatitits A vaccine, and to compare the antibody between with inactivated vaccine.

Methods: 211 HAV susceptible children were divided randomly into three groups, Group A was injected three doses HepA-L at 0, 6 and 12 monthes; Group B was administrated two dose HepA-L at 0 and 6 months, and group C was immunized with inactivated vaccine at month 0 and 6. Serum samples were detected for Anti-HAV at 1, 6, 7, 12, 13, 24, 84 months after vaccination in each group.

A follow-up study of mortality among the arseniasis patients exposed to indoor combustion of high arsenic coal in Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, China.

Objective: This study was directed to ascertain the mortality of a group of arseniasis patients in an endemic rural township in Southwest China, where the residents were exposed for decades to indoor combustion of high arsenic coal.

Methods: All the diagnosed arseniasis cases registered in 1991 were defined as the target population, which were assigned to three symptom subgroups by the severity of dermal lesions. The death cases were surveyed and checked.

Glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 polymorphisms and arsenic content in hair and urine in two ethnic clans exposed to indoor combustion of high arsenic coal in Southwest Guizhou, China.

A total of 2,402 cases of arsenic-related skin lesions (as of 2002) in a few villages of China's Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture represent a unique case of endemic arseniasis related with indoor combustion of high arsenic coal. A significant difference of skin lesion prevalence was observed between two clans of different ethnicities (Hmong and Han) in one of the hyperendemic villages in this prefecture. This study was focused on a possible involvement of GST T1 and M1 polymorphisms in risk modulation of skin lesions and in the body burden of As in this unique case of As exposure.

Arsenic-related skin lesions and glutathione S-transferase P1 A1578G (Ile105Val) polymorphism in two ethnic clans exposed to indoor combustion of high arsenic coal in one village.

Objectives: A total of 2402 patients with arsenic-related skin lesions, such as hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, or even skin cancer in a few villages in Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, China represent a unique case of endemic arsenism related with indoor combustion of high arsenic coal. This study aimed to investigate the cluster of arsenism cases and the possible relevant factors including GSTP1 polymorphism in two clans of different ethnic origin living in one village for generations.

Methods: A questionnaire-based study was performed in 170 Miao clan P members, 10 of whom had arsenic-related skin diseases, and 153 Han clan G1 members, 50 of whom had arsenic-related skin diseases.

[Effects of injecting heparin into the center of hematoma on peri-hematoma edema and hematoma volume in pigs with intracerebral hemorrhage].

Objective: To investigate the safety and effect of injecting heparin into hematoma on peri-hematoma edema and hematoma volume in pigs with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: Thirteen sucking pigs were divided randomly into two groups: hemorrhage group, in which 2.5 ml arterial blood was injected into the right frontal lobe and heparin group, in which 0.