Study on Cu- and Pb-contaminated loess remediation using electrokinetic technology coupled with biological permeable reactive barrier.

Although the electrokinetic (EK) remediation has drawn great attention because of its good maneuverability, the focusing phenomenon near the cathode and low removal efficiency remain to be addressed. In this study, a novel EK reactor was proposed to remediate Cu and Pb contaminated loess where a biological permeable reactive barrier (bio-PRB) was deployed to the middle of the EK reactor. For comparison, three test configurations, namely, CG, TG-1, and TG-2, were available.

Immobilizing of lead and copper using chitosan-assisted enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation.

Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is considered as an environmentally friendly method for immobilizing heavy metals (HMs). The fundamental of the EICP method is to catalyze urea hydrolysis using the urease, discharging CO and NH. CO helps to form carbonates that immobilize HMs afterwards.