Where is the optimal plane to mobilize the anterior rectal wall in female patients undergoing total mesorectal excision?

Background: Since Heald proposed the total mesorectal excision (TME) procedure, the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer has been significantly improved. But Heald did not specifically describe the anterior surgical plane in female patients. And the surgical plane for mobilizing the anterior rectal wall during TME surgery in female patients remains controversial.

The addition of 3D printed models to enhance the teaching and learning of bone spatial anatomy and fractures for undergraduate students: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Whether or not the addition of 3D (three-dimension) printed models can enhance the teaching and learning environment for undergraduate students in regard to bone spatial anatomy is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the use of 3D printed models versus radiographic images as a technique for the education of medical students about bone spatial anatomy and fractures.

Methods: The computed tomography (CT) data from four patients, each with a different fracture type (one spinal fracture, one pelvic fracture, one upper limb fracture, and one lower limb fracture), were obtained, and 3D models of the fractures were printed.

A novel computed method to reconstruct the bilateral digital interarticular channel of atlas and its use on the anterior upper cervical screw fixation.

Purpose. To investigate a novel computed method to reconstruct the bilateral digital interarticular channel of atlas and its potential use on the anterior upper cervical screw fixation. Methods.

The accuracy of a method for printing three-dimensional spinal models.

Background: To study the morphology of the human spine and new spinal fixation methods, scientists require cadaveric specimens, which are dependent on donation. However, in most countries, the number of people willing to donate their body is low. A 3D printed model could be an alternative method for morphology research, but the accuracy of the morphology of a 3D printed model has not been determined.

The radiological feature of anterior occiput-to-axis screw fixation as it guides the screw trajectory on 3D printed models: a feasibility study on 3D images and 3D printed models.

Anterior occiput-to-axis screw fixation is more suitable than a posterior approach for some patients with a history of posterior surgery. The complex osseous anatomy between the occiput and the axis causes a high risk of injury to neurological and vascular structures, and it is important to have an accurate screw trajectory to guide anterior occiput-to-axis screw fixation. Thirty computed tomography (CT) scans of upper cervical spines were obtained for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction.

The anatomic study of clival screw fixation for the craniovertebral region.

Purpose: To study the anatomic parameters related to clival screw and establish reference data concerning the craniovertebral fixation technique.

Methods: Morphometric measurement of the clivus and the surrounding anatomic structures were obtained on 41 dry bone specimens. Then, 2-D CT reconstruction of the craniovertebral region of 30 patients (19 men and 11 women, ranging in age from 20-64 years with an average age of 38.

Comparative research of the thin transverse sectional anatomy and the multislice spiral CT on Pterygopalatine Fossa.

Aim: To explore a method to obtain sub-millimeter data of the thin transverse section of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), and to study the thin transverse sectional anatomy of the adult pterygopalatine fossa and its communicating structure for providing anatomic gist for the imaging diagnosis and minimal invasive operation when PPF diseased.

Material And Methods: Two heads of adult cadaver without macroscopic trauma (four sides of PPF) were selected to observe. Images of 0.

[Study on angle and depth of needle insertion in acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36)].

Objective: To provide an appropriate angle and depth of needle insertion in acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) and avoid injuring the nerve and blood vessel and exert the most effect.

Methods: Eighty adult lower-limb samples were used to dissect and observe the relative layered structures and adjoining important nerves and blood vessels in needling Zusanli (ST 36) according to the national standard.

Results: The needling depth from the skin to the interosseous membrane and from the skin to posterior border of tibialis posterior is (2.