Suppression of inflammatory response by flurbiprofen following focal cerebral ischemia involves the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Some studies of animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion indicate that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and secondary damage. Flurbiprofen has been suggested to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in both focal and global cerebral ischemia models, but the mechanisms underlying the protective action are still incompletely understood. In this study we want to investigate the protective effect of flurbiprofen after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats and the role of the NF-κB signaling pathway on this neuroprotective effect.

[Paeonol attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation injury and inhibits NMDA receptor activation of cultured rat hippocampal neurons].

The purpose of this study is to determine if paeonol can protect hippocampal neurons against injury due to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. The rat neurons were cultured in an OGD environment and the model of OGD injury was established. Paeonol and MK-801, a positive control drug, were added before deprivation.

Effects of scutellarin on apoptosis induced by cobalt chloride in PC12 cells.

The present study investigated the protective effects of scutellarin on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Incubation of PC12 cells with 500 microM CoCl2 for 24 h resulted in significant apoptosis as evaluated by the crystal violet, electron microscopy and flow cytometry assays. The increase of caspase-3 activity, decrease of Bcl-XL expression, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also seen in CoCl2-treated PC12 cells.

Neuroprotective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Our present study was performed to investigate whether hydroxyethylpuerarin (HEP) has a neuroprotective effect on brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male Wistar rats. Animals were subjected to one hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion and 48 hours of reperfusion with the pretreatment of drugs (HEP 15, 30, 60 mg/ kg or nimodipine 0.4 mg/kg i.

[Influence of effective part of Zingiber officinal on expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and adhesion molecules].

Objective: To investigate the effect of effective parts of Zingiber officinal (EPZ) on the adhesion of ECV-304 cells with monocytes cultivated in vitro and on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and adhesion molecules.

Method: The model of ECV-304 cell oxidative stress injury was established by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Then EPZ-contained blood serum was taken as experimental drug.

Effect of compound EXP-2528 on angiotensin II-induced E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of angiotensin (Ang) II on E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) and evaluate the effect of compound EXP-2528, a novel Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist. The experiment was performed in cultured BMEC of rat. The mRNA and protein expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 in BMEC was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

Protective effects of paeonol on cultured rat hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury.

Mounting evidence has suggested that paeonol possesses plenty of pharmacologic actions. Our research is to determine if paeonol can protect cultured rat hippocampal neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)-induced injury and elucidate the underlying mechanism. We cultivated the rat hippocampal neurons as the object of study and then established the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation.

Hydroxyethylpuerarin attenuates focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by decreasing TNF-alpha expression and NF-kappaB activity.

This study is to investigate the effect of hydroxyethylpuerarin on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by MCAO. Hydroxyethylpuerarin (10, 20, 40 mg x kg(-1), iv) was administered just 30 min before occlusion and immediately after reperfusion.

Effects of acetylpuerarin on hippocampal neurons and intracellular free calcium subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion in primary culture.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to find out the effects of acetylpuerarin on hippocampal neurons and intracellular free calcium in primary culture subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion.

Methods: According to different reperfusion time (1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h), three concentrations (1.6 micromol l(-1), 0.

[Protective effect of effective parts of Zingiber Offecinal on vascular endothelium of the experimental hyperlipidemic rats].

Objective: To observe the influence of effective parts of Zingiber Officinale on serum IL-6, TNF-alpha in oroler to investigate the protective effects of the effective parts of Zingiber Officinal (EPZ) on endothelium of the experimental hyperlipidemic rats and the mechanism of its effects.

Methods: The hyperlipidemia model of rats was constructed by feeding high-fat forage and filled with the effective parts of Zingiber Officinale 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg every day for 13 weeks. Blood was drawn to determine both the level of serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha.

[Protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin against brain astrocytes injury induced by hydrogen peroxide].

Aim: To study the protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin against the injury of astrocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Methods: Experiments were performed with cells from passage 4. Plasma membrane integrity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.

Angiotensin II stimulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 via an AT1 receptor/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Microvascular changes in the brain are significant causes of cerebral edema and ischemia injury. A number of studies suggest that angiotensin (Ang) II may be involved in the initiation and regulation of processes occurring in brain ischemia. We recently reported that Ang II injures brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) partially via stimulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression.

Protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin on cultured bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells damaged by hydrogen peroxide.

Aim: To observe the damages induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC) and evaluate the protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin on hydrogen peroxide-injured BCMEC.

Methods: BCMEC were cultured and transferred into modified Eagle medium (MEM). The viability of cells was detected by MTT assay.

Anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxyethylpuerarin on focal brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

The objective of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxyethylpuerarin on focal brain ischemia injury in rats and to explore its mechanisms of action. After 24 h of reperfusion following 2 h of cerebral ischemia, the infiltration of neutrophils was observed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity determination, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was observed by western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) were observed by western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results showed that hydroxyethylpuerarin could obviously inhibit the MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression following 2 hours of ischemia with 24 hours of reperfusion.