Efficient and Stable Extraction of Nano-Sized Plastic Particles Enabled by Bio-inspired Magnetic "Robots" in Water.

In this research, a rationally-designed strategy was employed to address the crucial issue of removing nano-plastics (NPs) from aquatic environments, which was based on fabricating sea urchin-like structures of FeO magnetic robots (MagRobots). Through imitating the sea urchin's telescopic tube foot movement and predation mechanism, the unique structures of the MagRobots were designed to adapt to the size and surface interactions of NPs, leading to a high efficiency of NPs removal (99%), as evidenced by the superior performance of 594.3 mg/g for the removal of polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles from water, with 3300% increase over magnetic FeO without structural design.

ChromTR: chromosome detection in raw metaphase cell images via deformable transformers.

Chromosome karyotyping is a critical way to diagnose various hematological malignancies and genetic diseases, of which chromosome detection in raw metaphase cell images is the most critical and challenging step. In this work, focusing on the joint optimization of chromosome localization and classification, we propose ChromTR to accurately detect and classify 24 classes of chromosomes in raw metaphase cell images. ChromTR incorporates semantic feature learning and class distribution learning into a unified DETR-based detection framework.

Integrating clinical data and genetic susceptibility to elucidate the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and human cytomegalovirus infection.

Background: Viral infections are known to induce the occurrence and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies have indicated a possible relationship between SLE and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and have attributed HCMV to be associated with various autoantibodies; however, these studies were constrained by variations in sample size and potential selection bias. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between HCMV and autoantibodies in patients with SLE by integrating clinical data and genetic susceptibility.

In Situ Self-Assembled 200 nm-Depth Highly Active Layer Non-Precious Metals Catalyst for Industrial Water Electrolysis.

Nickel-based electrocatalysts are promising for industrial water electrolysis, but the dense hydroxyl oxide layer formed during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limits active sites accessibility and presents challenges in balancing structural stability with effective charge transfer. Based on this, an efficient in situ leaching strategy is proposed to construct grain boundary-rich catalyst structure with high charge transfer ability and a deep catalytic active layer reached >200-nm. Under OER conditions, stable sub-nano NiAl particles are embedded in Ni(Fe)OOH, originating from leaching out the unstable NiAl phase of the initial NiAl/NiAl alloy doped with Fe.

Prognostic risk prediction model for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition and a leading cause of mortality, with acute exacerbations (AECOPD) significantly complicating its management and prognosis. Despite the development of various prognostic prediction models for patients with AECOPD, their performance and clinical applicability remain unclear, necessitating a systematic review to evaluate these models and provide guidance for their future improvement and clinical use.

Method: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, and Medline were searched for studies published from their inception until February 5, 2024.

Application of Multi-Department Cooperation, Intelligent Prevention, and Supervision to Reduce the Incidence of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections.

Unlabelled: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) can result in worse outcomes and high hospitalization cost for patients. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of multi-department cooperation, intelligent prevention, and supervision (MDCIPS) in reducing the incidence of CLABSIs and improving the clinical outcomes of the patients. Key issues were identified through a literature review and survey on the status quo.

Learning with Explicit Shape Priors for Medical Image Segmentation.

Medical image segmentation is a fundamental task for medical image analysis and surgical planning. In recent years, UNet-based networks have prevailed in the field of medical image segmentation. However, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) suffer from limited receptive fields, which fail to model the long-range dependency of organs or tumors.

Neutralizing IL-38 activates γδ T cell-dependent antitumor immunity and sensitizes for chemotherapy.

Background: The interleukin (IL)-1-family receptor antagonist IL-38 has emerged as a negative regulator of auto-inflammation. Given the intricate interplay between antitumor immunity and auto-inflammation, we hypothesized that blocking IL-38 may enhance tumor immune control.

Methods: Our hypothesis was tested in the transgenic polyoma virus middle T oncoprotein mammary carcinoma model that is suitable for identifying strong immunomodulators.

In situ structural determination of cyanobacterial phycobilisome-PSII supercomplex by STAgSPA strategy.

Photosynthesis converting solar energy to chemical energy is one of the most important chemical reactions on earth. In cyanobacteria, light energy is captured by antenna system phycobilisomes (PBSs) and transferred to photosynthetic reaction centers of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). While most of the protein complexes involved in photosynthesis have been characterized by in vitro structural analyses, how these protein complexes function together in vivo is not well understood.

The 100 top-cited studies in systemic lupus erythematosus: A bibliometric analysis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory tissue disease. In view of the explosive growth in research on SLE, bibliometrics was performed to evaluate the 100 top-cited papers in this realm. We performed the search with terms "systemic lupus erythematosus" the Web of Science Core Collection database on May 3, 2023.

Inhibition of NNMT enhances drug sensitivity in lung cancer cells through mediation of autophagy.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the role of Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in the drug sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, with a focus on its impact on autophagy and resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent osimertinib. The study hypothesized that NNMT knockdown would enhance drug sensitivity by modifying autophagic processes, providing a potential new therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance in lung cancer.

Methods: Proteomic analysis was utilized to identify changes in protein expression following NNMT knockdown in H1975 and H1975 osimertinib resistance (H1975OR) lung cancer cell lines.

Analysis of barriers associated with emergency medical service activation in patients with acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction from Zhongjiang County of Sichuan Province in China.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferred modes of transportation to the hospital among patients with acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as well as to identify the factors that influence the utilization of ambulances.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, including patients who were diagnosed with acute stroke and AMI, at the people's hospital of Zhongjiang, from September 30th, 2022 to August 30th, 2023. All patients were divided into emergency medical service (EMS)-activation group and self-transportation group.

Erythrocyte Membrane Coating Alleviate Immune Response and Promoted Adipogenesis in Adipose Matrix.

Xenotransplantation of acellular adipose matrix (AAM) has come to prominence as an intriguing option for soft tissue reconstruction. However, the presence of immunogenic antigens within AAM can trigger unfavorable immune reactions, leading to inadequate regeneration outcomes. Therefore, the development of advanced technology capable of modulating immune responses is crucial for the therapeutic implementation of AAM xenografts.

Human Adipose-Derived Microvessel Fragments: A Natural Vascularization Units for Ischemic Diseases.

Background: In plastic surgery tissue transplantation, tissue ischemia limits transplanted tissue survival. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) show potential for promoting angiogenesis and rescuing ischemic conditions. However, when SVF and ASC suspensions are utilized without the protection of extracellular matrix, the retention rate of transplanted cells tends to be diminished, leading to an unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome.

Precise Capture and Dynamic Release of Circulating Liver Cancer Cells with Dual-Histidine-Based Cell Imprinted Hydrogels.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection presents significant advantages in diagnosing liver cancer due to its noninvasiveness, real-time monitoring, and dynamic tracking. However, the clinical application of CTCs-based diagnosis is largely limited by the challenges of capturing low-abundance CTCs within a complex blood environment while ensuring them alive. Here, an ultrastrong ligand, l-histidine-l-histidine (HH), specifically targeting sialylated glycans on the surface of CTCs, is designed.

Surufatinib combined with transarterial embolization versus surufatinib monotherapy in patients with liver metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: Study protocol for a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: More than half of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients will experience liver metastasis, and interventional therapy represented by transarterial embolization (TAE) is the main local treatment method. Surufatinib is recommended as a standard systemic treatment for advanced NETs. The efficacy and safety of surufatinib combined with TAE in the treatment of liver metastasis are undetermined.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top 10 threats to global health, which affects the prevalence and fatality of vaccine-preventable diseases over the world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) may have higher risks of infection, more serious complications, and worse prognosis without the protection of the COVID-19 vaccine. A systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2022.

Data-Independent Acquisition-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Salivary Biomarkers of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Objective As primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) primarily affects the salivary glands, saliva can serve as an indicator of the glands' pathophysiology and the disease's status. This study aims to illustrate the salivary proteomic profiles of pSS patients and identify potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosis.Methods The discovery set contained 49 samples (24 from pSS and 25 from age- and gender-matched healthy controls [HCs]) and the validation set included 25 samples (12 from pSS and 13 from HCs).

Initial Oxidation Behavior of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Coating Produced by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying in the Range of 650 °C to 1000 °C.

As protective coatings for the thermal parts of aero-engines, AlCoCrFeNi coatings have good application prospects. In this study, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) was used to prepare AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy coatings (HECs), which were oxidized from 650 °C to 1000 °C. The mechanism of the oxide layer formation and the internal phase transition were systematically investigated.

Advanced methods to mechanically isolate stromal vascular fraction: A concise review.

Adipose tissue is a highly attractive reservoir of stem cells due to its accessibility and abundance, and the SVF within it holds great promise for stem cell-based therapies. The use of mechanical methods for SVF isolation from adipose tissue is preferred over enzymatic methods, as it can be readily applied in clinical settings without additional processing steps. However, there is a lack of consensus on the optimal approach for mechanically isolating SVF.