Evidences for the mechanism of Shenmai injection antagonizing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used antitumor drug. However, its clinical application is limited for its serious cardiotoxicity. The mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is attributed to the increasing of cell stress in cardiomyocytes, then following autophagic and apoptotic responses.

Protective effect of Shenmai injection on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via regulation of inflammatory mediators.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy drug for malignant tumors. The clinical application of DOX is limited due to its dosage relative cardiotoxicity. Oxidative damage and cardiac inflammation appear to be involved in DOX-related cardiotoxicity.

Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of eight ginsenosides by LC-MS/MS after intravenously infusion of 'SHENMAI' injection in dogs.

SHENMAI injection, a prescription comprised of Panax ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicas, is being extensively applied in the field of cardio-protection and immune-modulation in China. Ginsenosides are the main active components in SHENMAI injection. In order to capture and analyze the pharmacokinetic profile of major ginsenosides of SHENMAI injection in Beagle dogs, liquid chromatography equipped with electro-spray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry method was applied in simultaneous determination for protopanaxatriol type ginsenoside (Re, Rf, Rg1), protopanaxadiol type ginsenoside (Rb2, Rb1, Rd, Rc) and oleanolic acid type ginsenoside (Ro).

Potential accumulation of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides in six-months toxicokinetic study of SHENMAI injection in dogs.

SHENMAI injection (SMI), derived from famous Shen Mai San, is a herbal injection widely used in China. Ginsenosides are the major components of SMI. To monitor the exposure level of SMI during long-term treatment, a 6-month toxicokinetic experiment was performed.

Resveratrol alleviates vascular inflammatory injury by inhibiting inflammasome activation in rats with hypercholesterolemia and vitamin D2 treatment.

Objective: Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory disease involved in vascular inflammatory injury. The inflammasome is an important part of inflammatory diseases and participates in the vascular inflammatory injury. Resveratrol (RSV) possesses anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on inflammasomes during vascular injury remain unclear.

One-month toxicokinetic study of SHENMAI injection in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: 'SHENMAI' injection (SMI) has been widely used in cardioprotection and modulation of the immune system because of its great efficacy. SMI primarily comprises the saponins from Panax ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicas. The profiles of saponins in SMI during long-term toxicokinetics remain unclear.

Biological implications of oxidation and unidirectional chiral inversion of D-amino acids.

Recent progress in chiral separation of D- and L-amino acids by chromatography ascertained the presence of several free Damino acids in a variety of mammals including humans. Unidirectional chiral inversion of many D-amino acid analogs such as exogenous NG-nitro-D-arginine (D-NNA), endogenous D-leucine, D-phenylanine and D-methionine have been shown to take place with inversion rates of 4-90%, probably dependent on various species D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) enzymatic activities. DAAO is known to catalyze the oxidative deamination of neutral and basic D-amino acids to their corresponding α-keto acids, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, and is responsible for the chiral inversion.

Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats.

The present study aimed to investigate whether Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) would protect against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular toxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with distilled water (4 mL/kg) or LBP (200 mg/kg, p.o.

Alleviation of the acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by Lycium barbarum polysaccharides through the suppression of oxidative stress.

The present study aims to investigate whether Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) could protect against acute doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Rats received daily treatment of either distilled water (4 ml/kg) or LBP (200mg/kg) for 10 days and then followed by an intravenous injection at day 7 of either saline (10 ml/kg) or DOX (10 mg/kg). DOX induced significantly myocardial damage in rats, which were characterized as conduction abnormalities, decreased heart-to-body weight ratio, increased serum CK, and myofibrillar disarrangement.

Stereospecific pharmacodynamics and chiral inversion of NG-nitro-arginine in the beagle dogs.

In the present study, we analyzed the stereospecific pharmacodynamics and inversion of N(G)-nitro-arginine by an intravenous blous injection of L-N(G)-nitro-arginine (L-NNA) or D-N(G)-nitro-arginine (D-NNA) (10 mg/kg) in beagle dogs. Significant pressor responses were observed for both substances, though a similar maximum response induced by L-NNA was reached at 120 min slower as compared with D-NNA. The rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of D-NNA dogs was also shown to be slower than the L-NNA group.

Indispensable but insufficient role of renal D-amino acid oxidase in chiral inversion of NG-nitro-D-arginine.

Unidirectionally chiral inversion of N(G)-nitro-D-arginine (D-NNA) to its L-enantiomer (L-NNA) occurred in rats, and it was blocked markedly (ca. 80%) by renal vascular ligation, and entirely (100%) by the D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) inhibitor sodium benzoate, suggesting that renal DAO is essential for the inversion. However, the doses of sodium benzoate administrated were extremely high (e.

Angelica sinensis: a novel adjunct to prevent doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic agent used in the treatment of a variety of solid and haematopoietic tumours, but its use is limited by formation of metabolites that induce acute and chronic cardiac toxicities. Angelica sinensis has been widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. In the present study, we used an in vivo mouse model to explore whether A.

Protective effect of Lycium barbarum on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

The objective of this work was to explore the hypothesis that Lycium barbarum (LB) may be protective against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity through antioxidant-mediated mechanisms. Male SD rats were treated with distilled water or a water extract of LB (25 mg/kg, p.o.

[Purification of human VLDL apolipoproteins by middle pressure liquid chromatography].

Objective: To purify human VLDL apolipoproteins by middle-pressure liquid chromatography.

Methods: Human VLDLs were isolated by one step density ultracentrifugation. Delipided human VLDL was separated by Sephacryl S-200 molecular sieve chromatography.

Inhibitory effects of benzoate on chiral inversion and clearance of N(G)-nitro-arginine in conscious rats.

N(G)-nitro-arginine (NNA) is known to exhibit stereoselective pharmacokinetics in which N(G)-nitro-d-arginine (d-NNA) has a faster clearance rate than N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) in anesthetized rats, and d-NNA undergoes unidirectional chiral inversion. It was postulated that chiral inversion of d-NNA was performed in a two-step pathway by d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) followed by an unidentified transaminase. Such chiral inversion contributes (at least partially) to the pharmacokinetic stereoselectivity of NNA.

[Purification of human serum apolipoprotein A I and A II by middle-pressure liquid chromatography].

Objective: This study is made for the purification of human HDL apolipoproteins by middle-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC).

Methods: Human HDL was isolated by one step density ultracentrifugation. Delipided human HDL was separated by Sephacryl S-200 molecular sieve chromatography.

Renal D-amino acid oxidase mediates chiral inversion of N(G)-nitro-D-arginine.

N(G)-nitro-d-arginine (d-NNA), i.v. injected into rats, produced a pressor response, and was presumed to act via chiral inversion into N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.