Highly biocompatible and recyclable biomimetic nanoparticles for antibiotic-resistant bacteria infection.

Increasing number of resistant bacteria have emerged with the overuse of antibiotics, which indicates that the bacterial infection has become a global challenge. Furthermore, the pollution of antibiotics to the environment has become a serious threat to public health. It is known that toxins produced by bacteria are the main cause of bacterial infections.

[Difference in nitrogen accumulation and translocation between semi-winterness and springness wheat.].

Nitrogen accumulation, translocation and allocation were investigated in a field experiment to find out the difference between six semi-winterness wheat cultivars and nine springness wheat cultivars that are mainly grown in Jiangsu. Results indicated that the average nitrogen accumulation amount (NAA) in the semi-winterness wheat cultivars was lower from the beginning of wintering to jointing stage, but higher from booting to maturity stage, compared with the springness wheat cultivars tested under the same rate of nitrogen fertilization. The amount of nitrogen accumulated between the beginning of wintering and jointing stage showed no significant difference between the two types of wheat cultivars, but that accumulated between anthesis and maturity in the semi-winterness wheat cultivars was higher than that in the springness wheat cultivars.

[Changes of endogenous hormone contents and antioxidative enzyme activities in wheat leaves under low temperature stress at jointing stage].

Low temperature stresses (-3 and -5 °C) were simulated using artificial temperature-controlled phytotrons to study the freezing rate, the contents of endogenous hormones, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the leaves of wheat plants of Yangmai 16 (YM 16) and Xumai 30 (XM 30) at jointing stage. The grade and index of freezing injury increased with lower temperature and longer stress. The freezing rate was at the 5th level and the main stems and tillers of both cultivars were finally dead under -5 °C lasting for 72 h.

Assessment of the AquaCrop model for use in simulation of irrigated winter wheat canopy cover, biomass, and grain yield in the North China Plain.

Improving winter wheat water use efficiency in the North China Plain (NCP), China is essential in light of current irrigation water shortages. In this study, the AquaCrop model was used to calibrate, and validate winter wheat crop performance under various planting dates and irrigation application rates. All experiments were conducted at the Xiaotangshan experimental site in Beijing, China, during seasons of 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012.

[Hyperspectral estimation of leaf water content for winter wheat based on grey relational analysis (GRA)].

The objective of the present study was to compare two methods for the precision of estimating leaf water content (LWC) in winter wheat by combining stepwise regression method and partial least squares (SRM-PLS) or PLS based on the relational degree of grey relational analysis (GRA) between water vegetation indexes (WVIs) and LWC. Firstly, data utilized to analyze the grey relationships between LWC and the selected typical WVIs were used to determine the sensitivity of different WVIs to LWC. Secondly, the two methods of estimating LWC in winter wheat were compared, one was to directly use PLS and the other was to combine SRM and PLS, and then the method with the highest determination coefficient (R2) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) was selected to estimate LWC in winter wheat.

[Effects of ozone pollution on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and biomass carbon of different varieties of wheat].

Effects of surface ozone pollution on the terrestrial ecosystem and plant growth have drawn great attention. With the support of the free-air ozone concentration enrichment (O3-FACE) system located in Jiangdu City, Jiangsu Province, the effects of elevated atmospheric ozone (pO3) on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and biomass carbon as well as the C/N ratio of crop residue of five wheat (Tritcium aestivum L.) varieties (Yangmai 15, Yangmai 16, Yannong 19, Yangfumai 2 and Jiaxing 002) were investigated in the Yangtze River delta, the target pO3 of which was 50% higher than the ambient pO3.

[Effects of elevated atmospheric ozone concentration on flag leaf photosynthetic pigment contents of wheat].

By using a free-air controlled enrichment (FACE) system, this paper studied the effects of elevated atmospheric ozone (O3) concentration (150% of ambient O3) on the flag leaf photosynthetic pigment contents of wheat varieties Yannong 19, Yangmai 16, Jiaxin 002, Yangmai 15, and Yangfumai 2. For the test varieties, no significant differences were observed in the flag leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll (a+b), and carotenoid contents between treatments elevated O3 concentration and ambient O3 at booting and anthesis stages, but the photosynthetic pigment contents in treatment elevated O3 concentration all decreased after anthesis, with a significant decrease of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll (a+b) contents, which indicated that elevated O3 had minor effects on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments but accelerated their decline process. Different wheat varieties had genetic difference in the responses of flag leaf photosynthetic pigment contents to elevated O3, among which, Yangmai 15 and Jiaxin 002 had better tolerance to ozone stress.

[Impacts of elevated atmospheric ozone concentration on flag leaf microscopic structure of wheat: a field study with FACE system].

By using FACE (Free-Air Controlled Environment)-ozone system, a field plot experiment was conducted in 2008-2009 to study the effects of elevated ozone (O3) concentration on the flag leaf microscopic structure, chlorophyll content, and grain weight of wheat. Two treatments were installed, i. e.

[Effects of elevated ozone concentration on wheat grain protein components with FACE system].

In 2006-2009, a Free-Air Controlled Enrichment (FACE) system was applied to study the effects of elevated ozone concentration ([O3]) on the grain protein components and their dynamics of four winter wheat varieties Yannong 19, Yangmai 16, Yangmai 15, and Yangfumai 2. Two levels of [O3] were installed, i. e.