A General Strategy for the Construction of NIR-emitting Si-rhodamines and Their Application for Mitochondrial Temperature Visualization.

Si-rhodamine (SiR) is an ideal fluorophore because it possesses bright emission in the NIR region and can be implemented flexibly in living cells. Currently, several promising approaches for synthesizing SiR are being developed. However, challenges remain in the construction of SiR containing functional groups for bioimaging application.

AIE-Active Fluorene Derivatives for Solution-Processable Nondoped Blue Organic Light-Emitting Devices (OLEDs).

A series of fluorene derivatives end-capped with diphenylamino and oxadiazolyl were synthesized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties are reported. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects were observed for the materials, and bipolar characteristics of the molecules are favored with measurement of carrier mobility and calculation of molecular orbitals using density functional theory (DFT). Using the fluorene derivatives as emitting-layer, nondoped organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have been fabricated by spin-coating in the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS(35 nm)/PVK(15 nm)/PhN-OF(n)-Oxa(80 nm)/SPPO13(30 nm)/Ca(8 nm)/Al(100 nm) (n = 2-4).

Fluorescence-enhanced chemosensor for metal cation detection based on pyridine and carbazole.

A series of donor-acceptor systems incorporating a carbazole moiety as the donating unit and pyridine moiety as the accepting unit have been designed and synthesized. The spectroscopic and electrochemical behaviors of the carbazole derivatives demonstrate that the carbazole unit interacts with the electron-accepting group through the π-conjugated spacer, thus leading to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The pyridine-substituted carbazole derivatives show significant sensing and coordinating properties toward a wide range of metal cations.

Highly efficient multiphoton-absorbing quadrupolar oligomers for frequency upconversion.

Two series of quadrupolar diphenylamino-endcapped oligofluorenes, PhN-OF(n)-NPh (n=2-5) and PhN-OF(n)-TAZ-OF(n)-NPh (n=1-4), which have an electron-withdrawing 1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) moiety as central core, with D-π-A-π-D structural motif (D=donor, A=acceptor), have been synthesized by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of 9,9-dibutyl-7-(diphenylamino)-2-fluorenylboronic acid and the corresponding (1,2,4-triazole-based) aryl halide as key step. On pumping with infrared femtosecond lasers, these oligomers showed very strong multiphoton-excited blue photoluminescence. These D-π-D and D-π-A-π-D quadrupolar oligofluorenes exhibit superior three-photon absorption properties compared to the respective D-π-A counterparts with a highest three-photon absorption cross-section (σ(3)) of up to 2.

Cyanines as new fluorescent probes for DNA detection and two-photon excited bioimaging.

A series of cyanine fluorophores based on fused aromatics as an electron donor for DNA sensing and two-photon bioimaging were synthesized, among which the carbazole-based biscyanine exhibits high sensitivity and efficiency as a fluorescent light-up probe for dsDNA, which shows selective binding toward the AT-rich regions. The synergetic effect of the bischromophoric skeleton gives a several-fold enhancement in a two-photon absorption cross-section as well as a 25- to 100-fold enhancement in two-photon excited fluorescence upon dsDNA binding.

Fluorene-based pi-conjugated oligomers for efficient three-photon excited photoluminescence and lasing.

A novel series of diphenylamino- and 1,2,4-triazole-end-capped, fluorene-based, pi-conjugated oligomers that includes extended oligofluorenes and oligothienylfluorenes has been synthesized by means of the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of 9,9-dibutyl-7-(diphenylamino)-2-fluorenylboronic acid and the corresponding 1,2,4,-triazole-based aryl halide as a key step. It was demonstrated that efficient two- and three-photon excited photoluminescence and lasing in the blue region are obtained by pumping near-infrared femtosecond lasers on these materials. Although the absorption and emission maxima of the highly fluorescent and extended oligofluorenes reach a saturation limit, there exists an effective conjugation length for an optimum three-photon absorption cross section in the homologous oligofluorene series.

Non-coplanar 9,9-diphenyl-substituted oligofluorenes with large two-photon absorption enhancement.

The non-coplanar substituted phenyl rings at the 9-position of a fluorenyl unit can be involved in pi-electron delocalization in which the resulting oligofluorenes exhibit a very large enhancement of two-photon absorption cross sections up to 2559 GM at 710 nm.

Efficient three-photon excited deep blue photoluminescence and lasing of diphenylamino and 1,2,4-triazole endcapped oligofluorenes.

A novel homologues series of diphenylamino and 1,2,4-triazole endcapped pi-conjugated oligofluorenes has been synthesized using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of 9,9-dibutyl-7-(diphenylamino)-2-fluorenylboronic acid, and 1,2,4,-triazole-substituted oligofluorenyl halide was used as a key step. Efficient two- and three-photon excited photoluminescence and lasing were obtained by pumping with near-infrared femto-second lasers. The three-photon absorption cross-section enhances significantly up to 2.