The benefits of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of suspicious breast lesions.

Background: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) shows potential for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions in general, but its effectiveness remains unclear for the differential diagnosis of lesions highly suspicious for breast cancers.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of CEUS in differentiating pathological subtypes of suspicious breast lesions defined as category 4 of US-BI-RADS.

Methods: The dataset of 150 breast lesions was prospectively collected from 150 patients who underwent routine ultrasound and CEUS examination and were highly suspected of having breast cancers.

Federated Collaborative Learning with Sparse Gradients for Heterogeneous Data on Resource-Constrained Devices.

Federated learning enables devices to train models collaboratively while protecting data privacy. However, the computing power, memory, and communication capabilities of IoT devices are limited, making it difficult to train large-scale models on these devices. To train large models on resource-constrained devices, federated split learning allows for parallel training of multiple devices by dividing the model into different devices.

Typical development of synaptic and neuronal properties can proceed without microglia in the cortex and thalamus.

Brain-resident macrophages, microglia, have been proposed to have an active role in synaptic refinement and maturation, influencing plasticity and circuit-level connectivity. Here we show that several neurodevelopmental processes previously attributed to microglia can proceed without them. Using a genetically modified mouse that lacks microglia (Csf1r), we find that intrinsic properties, synapse number and synaptic maturation are largely normal in the hippocampal CA1 region and somatosensory cortex at stages where microglia have been implicated.

TFE3-mediated neuroprotection: Clearance of aggregated α-synuclein and accumulated mitochondria in the AAV-α-synuclein model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by fibrillar neuronal inclusions containing aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn). While the pathology of PD is multifaceted, the aggregation of α-Syn and mitochondrial dysfunction are well-established hallmarks in its pathogenesis. Recently, TFE3, a transcription factor, has emerged as a regulator of autophagy and metabolic processes.

Discovery of small molecules against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by targeting NendoU activity.

Unlabelled: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a major threat to animal health and causes substantial economic losses worldwide. The nonstructural protein 11 (NSP11) of the causative agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV), contains a highly conserved nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain essential for viral replication and immune evasion. Targeting NSP11 offers a novel approach to antiviral intervention.

Diagnostic Value of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Ultrasound in Ovarian Masses: A Two-Center Study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) and Ultrasound (US) and its sub-classification system for distinguishing ovarian masses.

Methods: O-RADS US was used for the retrospective analysis of 606 ovarian masses of Chinese from two medical centers by two gynecologic sonographers with varying experience. The O-RADS 4 categories masses were further sub-classified into O-RADS 4a and O-RADS 4 b through three different approaches(O-RADS A1/A2/A3).

HealthPass: a contactless check-in and adaptive access control system for lowering cluster infection risk in public health crisis.

Introduction: Ensuring effective measures against the spread of the virus is paramount for educational institutions and workplaces as they resume operations amidst the ongoing public health crisis. A touchless and privacy-conscious check-in procedure for visitor assessment is critical to safeguarding venues against potential virus transmission.

Methods: In our study, we developed an interaction-free entry system featuring anonymous visitors who voluntarily provide data.

The phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor Zl-n-91 suppresses glioblastoma growth via EGR1/PTEN/AKT pathway.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive brain tumor, which presents significant challenges for treatment in clinical settings. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors can prevent the degradation of cAMP and have been used as a potential targeted therapeutic approach for different cancer types. However, their clinical use is restricted by side effects such as nausea and vomiting.

Repair of Retrorsine-Induced DNA Damage in Rat Livers: Insights Gained from Transcriptomic and Proteomic Studies.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common phytotoxins that are found worldwide. Upon hepatic metabolic activation, the reactive PA metabolites covalently bind to DNAs and form DNA adducts, causing mutagenicity and tumorigenicity in the liver. However, the molecular basis of the formation and removal of PA-derived DNA adducts remains largely unexplored.

Brain Functional Characteristics in Football Players During Motor-Cognitive Dual Task: Insights From fNIRS.

Long-term training enables professional athletes to develop concentrated and efficient neural network organizations for specific tasks. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate task performance, brain functional characteristics, and their relationships in footballers during sport-specific motor-cognitive processes. Twenty-four footballers (athlete group, with 18 remaining of good signal quality) and 20 non-footballers (control group, with 16 remaining) completed four tasks: a single task (trigger buttons corresponding to the appearance direction of teammates with kicking actions), an N-back direction task, a dual task, and an N-back digit task.

Cell-type-resolved chromatin accessibility in the human intestine identifies complex regulatory programs and clarifies genetic associations in Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex inflammatory bowel disease resulting from an interplay of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. Cell-type-specific contributions to CD etiology and genetic risk are incompletely understood. Here we built a comprehensive atlas of cell-type- resolved chromatin accessibility comprising 557,310 candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in terminal ileum and ascending colon from patients with active and inactive CD and healthy controls.

Accelerated quadratic penalty dynamic approaches with applications to distributed optimization.

In this paper, we explore accelerated continuous-time dynamic approaches with a vanishing damping α/t, driven by a quadratic penalty function designed for linearly constrained convex optimization problems. We replace these linear constraints with penalty terms incorporated into the objective function, where the penalty coefficient grows to +∞ as t tends to infinity. With appropriate penalty coefficients, we establish convergence rates of O(1/t) for the objective residual and the feasibility violation when α>0, and demonstrate the robustness of these convergence rates against external perturbation.

Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines for primary insomnia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 109 randomized trials.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chinese patent medicine (CPM) is formulated using Chinese herbal medicines as raw materials according to prescribed methods and preparation processes. It is one of the most commonly used complementary and alternative therapies for insomnia in China. Dozens of CPMs have been applied in clinical settings to treat primary insomnia, and ample evidence has proven the efficacy and safety of various CPMs.

Epoxy metabolites of linoleic acid promote the development of breast cancer via orchestrating PLEC/NFκB1/CXCL9-mediated tumor growth and metastasis.

Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor in women and requires a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolism-driven inflammation is a causative factor in cancer development. However, the function of PUFAs' metabolism in BC remains largely unknown.

Assessment of the vaginal microbiota before and after use of hyperosmolal lubricant during transvaginal ultrasound.

Background: Vaginal lubricants are commonly used during sexual activity and clinical procedures such as transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Epidemiologic and laboratory studies indicate hyperosmolal water-based lubricants may disrupt the vaginal microbiota, particularly the beneficial Lactobacillus spp. These bacteria play a critical role in protecting against sexually transmitted infection acquisition and other adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes.

YTHDF2 promotes ATP synthesis and immune evasion in B cell malignancies.

Long-term durable remission in patients with B cell malignancies following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy remains unsatisfactory, often due to antigen escape. Malignant B cell transformation and oncogenic growth relies on efficient ATP synthesis, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that YTHDF2 facilitates energy supply and antigen escape in B cell malignancies, and its overexpression alone is sufficient to cause B cell transformation and tumorigenesis.

Adaptive memory reservation strategy for heavy workloads in the Spark environment.

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 2.0 has spurred a growing need for extensive data computing, and Spark emerged as a promising Big Data platform, attributed to its distributed in-memory computing capabilities. However, practical heavy workloads often lead to memory bottleneck issues in the Spark platform.

Terpenoids as principal bioactive compound of essential oils: enhancing synergistic efficacy with conventional antibiotics.

Background: The rise of antibiotic resistance imposes the search for novel antimicrobial strategies as natural products or its combination with antibiotics. This study investigates the synergistic effects of terpenoids from () essential oil in combination with antibiotics against () and (). The aims were to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy, analyze functional group modifications and assess molecular interaction.

Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals That Gabra6 Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex Promote the Progression of PTSD After Shockwave-Induced TBI.

Shockwave-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), triggered either by the TBI itself or other stressors. However, the interplay and underlying mechanisms of how these factors synergistically induce PTSD remain inadequately elucidated. Here, mice in the TBI (induced by biological shock tube blast injury) and PTSD (induced by single prolonged stress method) groups both displayed symptoms of PTSD behaviors, with the TBI+PTSD (composite model) group exhibiting more severe manifestations.

Metabolic abnormalities, liver enzymes increased risk of gallstones: a cross-sectional study and multivariate mendelian randomization analysis.

Background And Aims: Some studies have explored the relationship between metabolic abnormalities, elevated liver enzymes and gallstone risk, but the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the relationship between metabolic abnormalities, liver enzymes, and gallstone risk through a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods: Firstly, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 555,31 subjects who underwent physical examinations at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2021 and December 2021.

Porcine ISG15 fused IFN-λ3 as a novel antiviral agent for treating porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in vivo.

IFN-λs hold promise as therapeutic candidates against mutable respiratory viruses, but their efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains unclear. In this study, we expressed a recombinant fusion protein consisting of porcine ISG15 linked porcine IFN-λ3 (ISG15-IFN-λ3) via a rigid protein linker in Escherichia coli (E. coli).