Socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their associations with diabetes in rural southwest China.

Background: This study examines how the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms differ by socioeconomic status and explores their associations with diabetes in rural southwest China.

Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional health interview and examination survey of 5,005 adults aged ≥ 35 years in rural southwest China. Height, weight, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose measurement were taken.

Estimates and trends in death and disability from atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter due to high sodium intake, China, 1990 to 2019.

Objective: The effect of sodium intake on atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter (AFL), with respect to sex and age, has yet to be elucidated. This study aims to compare long-term trends in AF/AFL death and disability due to high sodium intake in China from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease study to assess the mortality and disability burden of AF/AFL attributable to high sodium intake (> 5 g/d) in China from 1990 to 2019.

Mood symptoms and gut function across the menstrual cycle in individuals with premenstrual syndrome.

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as bloating, constipation, and nausea are common in the days before menstruation, experienced by as many as 73 % of menstruating individuals. Mood may influence the link between menstrual cycle and GI symptoms, with prior studies indicating that even among healthy controls, GI symptoms worsen premenstrually and are associated with worsening mood. Associations between GI symptoms and mood are poorly understood among those with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a cluster of mood and/or physical symptoms that occur in the week before menses affecting roughly 20 % of menstruators.

Etiology and Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Eyelid Lacerations at a Level 1 Trauma Center.

Purpose: To investigate the etiology and demographic associations of patients presenting with eyelid lacerations to a US level 1 trauma center emergency department (ED).

Patient And Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients with eyelid lacerations presenting to the ED at a single level 1 trauma center was performed. Eyelid lacerations were categorized as simple eyelid lacerations, eyelid lacerations with eyelid margin involvement, and eyelid lacerations with nasolacrimal system involvement.

Anti-inflammatory medication use after cataract surgery: online survey of practice patterns.

Purpose: To determine current prescribing patterns for topical or intraocular/periocular anti-inflammatory medications (AIMs) after routine cataract surgery.

Setting: kera-net online members.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

In-Depth Analysis of Preoperative OCT Markers as Prognostic Factors for Lamellar Macular Holes and Epiretinal Membrane Foveoschisis.

Objective: To identify preoperative OCT markers that correlate with postoperative visual acuity (VA) changes in eyes with lamellar macular hole (LMH) and epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (ERMF) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Design: Cross-sectional retrospective study.

Subjects: Patients seen at the Wilmer Eye Institute between 2011 and 2021 with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, or International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code for "macular hole" that underwent PPV, and demonstrated all OCT criteria present for either LMH or ERMF based on the Hubschman et al (2020) classification.

The value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and PLT count for the diagnosis and prediction of COVID-19 severity.

Background: COVID-19 and influenza A can cause severe respiratory illness. Differentiating between the two diseases and identifying critically ill patients in times of epidemics become a challenge for frontline medical staff. We sought to investigate whether both diseases and their severity could be recognized by routine blood parameters.

Characterizing industry payments to ophthalmologists before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic had profound effects on many different aspects of our healthcare system and the relationship between industry and physicians was no exception. The present database study evaluates industry payments to ophthalmologists in order to identify whether there are significant differences in industry payments to ophthalmologists before and after onset of the pandemic.

Methods: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments Database was queried for all ophthalmologists who received industry payments between 2018 and 2021.

Optic Neuritis and Cranial Neuropathies Diagnosis Rates before Coronavirus Disease 2019, in the Initial Pandemic Phase, and Post-Vaccine Introduction.

Purpose: To compare rates of diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic conditions across the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with pre-pandemic levels.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, observational study.

Participants: Patients seen for eye care between March 11, 2019, and December 31, 2021.

The temporal relationship of alcohol use and subsequent self-reported health status among people with HIV.

Background: Alcohol use among people with HIV is associated with worse HIV treatment outcomes. Its impact on self-reported health status is unclear.

Setting: Longitudinal cohort of people with HIV engaged in care across 7 clinics participating in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Care Systems between January 2011 and June 2014.

Presenting Features of Giant Cell Arteritis with Active Versus Healed Arteritis on Biopsy.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is often categorised as "active" or "healed" on temporal artery biopsy (TAB). The purpose of this study was to compare the initial clinical presentation of patients with GCA according to active versus healed arteritis on TAB. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients with biopsy-proven GCA (BP-GCA) at a single academic medical institution from a previously reported cohort.

SAR Image Simulations of Ocean Scenes Based on the Improved Facet TSM.

The facet-based two scale model (FTSM) is widely applied in SAR image simulations of the anisotropic ocean surface. However, this model is sensitive to the cutoff parameter and facet size, and the choice of these two parameters is arbitrary. We propose to make an approximation of the cutoff invariant two scale model (CITSM) to improve the simulation efficiency while remaining the robustness to cutoff wavenumbers.

Baseline Characteristics and Clinical Presentation of Biopsy-Proven Giant Cell Arteritis in White Compared with Black Patients.

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most prevalent systemic vasculitis in the elderly and can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. Most earlier studies have evaluated GCA in primarily white populations, and GCA was traditionally thought to occur at nearly negligible frequency in black populations. Our previous study showed that GCA may occur at similar rates in white and black patients, but little is known about the presentation of GCA in black patients.

Ophthalmology Resident Oculofacial Surgery Case Exposure: An ACGME Case Log Analysis.

Purpose: The authors quantified trends in resident oculofacial surgery exposure between 2009 and 2018, reviewed specific procedure volume, and correlated procedure volume with program characteristics.

Methods: The authors requested de-identified case logs of residents graduating US ophthalmology residency programs in 2018 from all 118 programs. Current Procedural Terminology codes of all oculofacial procedures were analyzed.

Effects of COVID-19 Financial and Social Hardships on Infants' and Toddlers' Development in the ECHO Program.

Background: The financial hardships and social isolation experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic have been found to adversely affect children's developmental outcomes. While many studies thus far have focused on school-aged children and the pandemic-related impacts on their academic skills and behavior problems, relatively less is known about pandemic hardships and associations with children's development during their early years. Using a racially and economically diverse sample, we examined whether hardships experienced during the pandemic were associated with children's development with a particular focus on communication and socioemotional development.

Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Cellular and Tissue Remodeling in Human Glaucoma Optic Nerve Head.

Purpose: To measure quantitatively changes in lamina cribrosa (LC) cell and connective tissue structure in human glaucoma eyes.

Methods: We studied 27 glaucoma and 19 age-matched non-glaucoma postmortem eyes. In 25 eyes, LC cross-sections were examined by confocal and multiphoton microscopy to quantify structures identified by anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), phalloidin-labeled F-actin, nuclear 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and by second harmonic generation imaging of LC beams.

Global Current Practice Patterns for the Management of Hyphema.

Purpose: Hyphema is a sequela of ocular trauma and can be associated with significant morbidity. Management of this condition is variable and can depend on individual institutional guidelines. We aimed to summarize current practices in hyphema management across ophthalmological institutions worldwide.

Establishment and Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Prediction Models for Chronic Kidney Disease under the Background of Big Data.

Objective: To establish a prediction model for the risk evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to guide the management and prevention of CKD.

Methods: A total of 1263 patients with CKD and 1948 patients without CKD admitted to the Tongde Hospital of the Zhejiang Province from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between CKD and laboratory parameters.

The association between educational attainment and SCA 3 age of onset and disease course.

Background: The number of trinucleotide CAG repeats is inversely correlated with the age at onset (AAO) of motor symptoms in individuals with Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 3 (SCA 3) and may be responsible for 50%-60% of the variability in AAO. Drawing from a social determinants of health model, we sought to determine if educational attainment further contributes to the AAO and motor symptom progression of SCA 3.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review in which twenty individuals met criteria for inclusion and had been seen by an ataxia specialist at our hospital between January 2005 and July 2019.

Engagement in a Social Needs Navigation Program and Health Care Utilization in Pediatric Primary Care.

Objective: Evidence for social needs interventions on resource linkage has grown over the past decade. Though social and economic needs predict health care utilization, few studies have assessed social needs interventions on these outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the association between enrollment in a clinic-based social needs program on subsequent well-child visit (WCV) attendance and emergency department (ED) use in 2 primary care clinics.

Ophthalmology Resident Ophthalmic Trauma Case Exposure: Trends Over Time and an ACGME Case Log Analysis.

Purpose: To describe ophthalmology resident experience with ophthalmic trauma cases in the U.S. .

Ghost and Honorary Authorship in Ophthalmology: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose: To evaluate the rates of ghost and honorary authorship in ophthalmology and to determine risk factors associated with ghost and honorary authorship.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Methods: Corresponding authors of articles published in Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, and the American Journal of Ophthalmology from June 2019 to December 2020 were emailed an electronic survey.