Development of Spatio-Temporal Land Use Regression Models for Fine Particulate Matter and Wood-Burning Tracers in Temuco, Chile.

Biomass burning is common in much of the world, and in some areas, residential wood-burning has increased. However, air pollution resulting from biomass burning is an important public health problem. A sampling campaign was carried out between May 2017 and July 2018 in over 64 sites in four sessions, to develop a spatio-temporal land use regression (LUR) model for fine particulate matter (PM) and wood-burning tracers levoglucosan and soluble potassium (K) in a city heavily impacted by wood-burning.

Temporal and Spatial Trends of Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in a Sample of Births from a Public Hospital in Chile.

Understanding temporal and spatial trends in pregnancy and birth outcomes within an urban area is important for the monitoring of health indicators of a population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all births in the public hospital of Temuco, a medium-sized city in Southern Chile between 2009 and 2016 (n = 17,237). Information on adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, as well as spatial and maternal characteristics (insurance type, employment, smoking, age, and overweight/obesity), was collected from medical charts.

High Presence of NETotic Cells and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Vaginal Discharges of Women with Vaginitis: An Exploratory Study.

Infectious vaginitis is a microbiological syndrome of great importance in public health that affects millions of women worldwide. However, no studies have explored the phenomenon of the production of the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are released into the female reproductive tract in these pathologies. This study aimed to determine the presence of NETosis in vaginal discharges of women with bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis by characterizing NETs.

[Secular trend for overweight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy in a Southern Chilean region].

Background: Overweight during pregnancy has increased in Chile. In the region of La Araucanía it occurs in 67% of pregnancies, which exceeds the national indicators.

Aim: To analyze the secular trend during eight years of the nutritional status at the beginning of gestation, the excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and its association with individual factors in pregnant women cared the public health system of two Southern Chilean neighboring cities.

[Features of patients admitted for COVID-19 at a regional hospital in the Chilean Araucania Region].

Background: The Araucania region in Chile had the greatest COVID-19 incidence and lethality in Chile Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of patients admitted for COVID-19 in a high complexity Hospital in the region of La Araucanía-Chile.

Material And Methods: Review of medical records of the first 169 patients aged 55 ± 17 years (50% women) admitted for COVID-19 between march and may, 2020 at a regional hospital in Temuco Chile.

Results: The most common comorbidities of these patients were hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To estimate the point prevalence and likely ranges of pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight and preterm delivery in Latin America and the Caribbean, and evaluate the heterogeneity of the estimates.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting the prevalence of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes in populations in Latin American and the Caribbean published between 2000 and 2019 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. We searched PubMed, Embase, and LILACS.

Concordance Between Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge in Chilean Women.

Objective:  To determine the concordance between the clinical diagnosis of women with abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) and laboratory results using molecular detection and observation of the vaginal microbiota.

Methods:  Cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 in Temuco, Chile. A total of 25 midwives from 12 health centers participated.

[Factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis in women with vaginitis attending in primary health care].

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is recognized as the causative agent of one of the most common and curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In women, it can be a trigger for pelvic inflammatory disease, a risk factor for infertility or acquisition of other STIs.

Aim: To determine CT in women with vaginitis and associate it with sociodemographic, sexual, clinical, and vaginal microbiota factors.

Is a 'culture of plus-size women' the independent effect of neighborhood disadvantage on female BMI? A cross-sectional study in two Chilean Municipalities.

Research has shown that neighborhood disadvantage has an effect on BMI that is independent of individual disadvantage, much more pronounced in women than in men. The mechanisms that explain this gender-specific effect are not yet clear. Since women's body size dissatisfaction is closely linked to gender differences in BMI inequalities, the independent effect of neighborhood disadvantage on female BMI may relate to a local culture of acceptance of female large bodies, that could influence women's parameters for body size dissatisfaction.

Eating styles profiles in Chilean women: A latent Profile analysis.

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of women based on their levels of emotional, external and restraint eating, and to determine differences in these eating styles profiles based on nutritional status, sociodemographic characteristics, stress, social support, and satisfaction with the body image. Questionnaires were administered to 884 women aged 20 to 60 living in two Chilean cities. Questionnaires included the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Embodiment of social roles and thinness as a form of capital: A qualitative approach towards understanding female obesity disparities in Chile.

Obesity in Chile disproportionately affects women of low socioeconomic status (SES). Research has shown that ideals of body size and differences in perceived social pressure for being slim across socioeconomic strata contribute to the social stratification of body size among women in modern societies. Thinness is most valued by high SES women, following western standards of ideal body size.

[Inequality in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren from urban and rural schools].

Background: Parasitic infections in children reflect social inequalities throughout the world, especially in urban and rural territories.

Aim: To assess inequalities in the prevalence of infections by protozoa and intestinal helminths and associated factors in children of different geographical areas from the commune of Puerto Montt.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in 103 students from one urban and two rural schools in the commune of Puerto Montt.

[Adaptation and validation of checklists to detect medication prescription and dispensing errors].

Background: Adverse effects of medications are an important source of morbidity. Prescription and dispensing errors are an important cause of these adverse effects.

Aim: To adapt and validate two checklists, one to measure errors in handwritten prescriptions and other to detected errors in the medication dispensing process of hospital pharmacies for outpatient care.

[Age at menarche and indigenous ancestry: a population study in Chile].

Background: The age at menarche may influence decisively health and disease in women. It also indicates the beginning of the reproductive period and, as a consequence, the possibility of biological continuity for the human species. Genetic and environmental determinants define the age of menarche and can explain differences found among different populations.

Prenatal attachment and associated factors during the third trimester of pregnancy in Temuco, Chile.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of poorer prenatal attachment and its association with psycho-affective factors in pregnant women during the third trimester.

Design And Setting: cross-sectional study in Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile.

Measurements: data were collected by structured interview with closed questions for the sociodemographic characterisation of the sample and measurement of six aspects: prenatal attachment, perceived stress, depression, perception of relationship with partner, subjective family support, and obstetric information regarding current and previous pregnancies.

[Thelarche and nutritional status: an epidemiological study of two ethnic groups].

Background: Improvements in environmental conditions may result in an earlier onset of thelarche. However, its onset is not homogeneous among different population groups.

Aim: To assess the relationship between nutritional status, ethnicity and age of thelarche.

[Length of lactational amenorrhea in an urban population of Temuco, Chile].

Background: Studies done in Santiago, Chile show that menses return before the sixth month of puerperium in 50% of lactating women, even in those that continue with exclusive breast feeding.

Aim: To study the length of lactational amenorrhea in a group of women living in Southern Chile.

Material And Methods: One hundred fourteen women giving exclusive breast feeding, were followed from the third postpartum month, to determine the length of lactational amenorrhea.