Rapid Unconscious Acquisition of Conditioned Fear with Low-Spatial-Frequency but Emotionally Neutral Stimuli.

It has long been proposed that emotionally "prepared" (i.e., fear-related) stimuli are privileged in the unconscious acquisition of conditioned fear.

Theta oscillations synchronize human medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala during fear learning.

Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that fear acquisition and expression rely on the coordinated activity of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala and that theta oscillations support interregional communication within the fear network. However, it remains unclear whether these results can be generalized to fear learning in humans. We addressed this question using intracranial electroencephalography recordings in 13 patients with epilepsy during a fear conditioning paradigm.

Attentional focus modulates automatic finger-tapping movements.

The majority of human behaviors are composed of automatic movements (e.g., walking or finger-tapping) which are learned during nurturing and can be performed simultaneously without interfering with other tasks.

Automatic Identification of High-Risk Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Feasibility Study Using Video and Audio Data Under the Still-Face Paradigm.

It is reported that the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could be improved by effective early interventions, which arouses an urgent need for large-scale early identification of ASD. Until now, the screening of ASD has relied on the child psychiatrist to collect medical history and conduct behavioral observations with the help of psychological assessment tools. Such screening measures inevitably have some disadvantages, including strong subjectivity, relying on experts and low-efficiency.

Pain in the default mode network: a voxel-based morphometry study on thermal pain sensitivity.

During nociceptive processing of pain, activated regions, specified as the 'pain matrix', have been proven not selectively or preferentially tied to pain. Counterintuitively, the deactivated regions, especially the default mode network (DMN), are recently revealed to be simultaneously and functionally involved. In this study, we searched for pain-specific structural correlates among pain-free young adults using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach within regions of interest comprising the pain matrix and DMN.

Dynamic tilt illusion induced by continuous contextual orientation alternations.

In the classic tilt illusion, the perceived orientation of a center patch is shifted away from its oriented context. Additionally, a stronger illusion effect is yielded when the center patch is simultaneously rather than asynchronously presented with a constant context for a shorter duration. However, little is known about the temporal characteristic of the tilt illusion in a reverse situation in which a constant center patch is presented throughout while the contexts change.

[Clinical comparative study on the treatment characteristics of secretory otitis media between cleft and non-cleft palate patients].

Objective: To discuss the treatment characteristics of secretory otitis media (SOM) in cleft palate children.

Methods: A total of 319 patients (524 ears) with SOM and cleft palate (3-14 years old) who accepted treatment were divided into experiment group A, group B, and group C according to effusion characteristics in the middle ear and tympanic pressure. Group A included 112 patients with serous effusion (198 ears).