Interleukin-33 Knockout Promotes High Mobility Group Box 1 Release from Astrocytes by Acetylation Mediated by P300/CBP-Associated Factor in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive.

High-salt diet decreases FOLFOX efficacy via gut bacterial tryptophan metabolism in colorectal cancer.

Background: FOLFOX is the recommended chemotherapy regimen for colorectal cancer (CRC), but its response rate remains low. Our previous studies have established a close relationship between gut microbiota and the anti-CRC effect of FOLFOX, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Diet has been confirmed as a key factor influencing gut microbiota, and high-salt diets, representative of western dietary habits, has been shown to affect gut microbiota, immune function, and the risk of developing CRC.

Gut microbiota derived DCA enhances FOLFOX efficacy via Ugt1a6b mediated enterohepatic circulation in colon cancer.

FOLFOX (5-Fluorouracil, Calcium Folinate combined with Oxaliplatin) is a preferred chemotherapy regimen for colon cancer, but its limited efficacy remains a major challenge, significantly impairs patient outcomes. There is an urgent need to identify strategies to improve its therapeutic effectiveness. Our previous studies have suggested that gut microbiota-derived bile acids may be involved in the anticancer effect of FOLFOX in vitro, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Intermittent Fasting Ameliorates β-Amyloid Deposition and Cognitive Impairment Accompanied by Decreased Lipid Droplet Aggregation Within Microglia in an Alzheimer's Disease Model.

Scope: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, lack of effective therapeutic interventions. In this study, we investigate the impact of intermittent fasting (IF), an alternative strategy of calorie restriction, on cognitive functions and AD-like pathology in a transgenic mouse model of AD.

Methods And Results: APP/PS1 mice at 6 months were randomly allocated to two dietary groups: one receiving ad libitum (AL) feeding and the other undergoing IF for 1 month.

Real-time monitoring of ONOO⁻ in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse models using a hydrazine-based NIR fluorescent probe.

Accurate and selective techniques for visualizing endogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) models are essential for understanding its complex pathological processes. Here, we introduced a longwave fluorescent probe TJO for detecting ONOO rapidly and sensitively, with a low detection limit of 91 nM. Furthermore, TJO exhibits excellent fluorescence imaging capabilities, enabling detailed visualization of ONOO⁻ in CIRI mice model.

AENK ameliorates cognitive impairment and prevents Tau hyperphosphorylation through inhibiting AEP-mediated cleavage of SET in rats with ischemic stroke.

Brain damage induced by ischemia promotes the development of cognitive dysfunction, thus increasing the risk of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies indicate that cellular acidification-triggered activation of asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) plays a key role in ischemic brain injury, through multiple molecular pathways, including cleavage of its substrates such as SET (inhibitor 2 of PP2A, I ) and Tau. However, whether direct targeting AEP can effectively prevent post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains unanswered.

Accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis through inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion.

Dysregulated expression of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) has been reported in a variety of human cancers. However, whether and how Tau influences hepatocellular carcinogenesis remains elusive. This study was aimed to investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of Tau in the proliferation, invasion, migration and sorafenib sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

A novel dicyanoisophorone-based fluorescent probe for rapid detection of acetylcholinesterase in biological systems.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a vital role in various neurological diseases including brain disorders, neurotransmission alterations, and cancer. Developing effective methods to image AChE in biological samples is essential for understanding its mechanisms in biosystems. Here, we introduce a novel fluorescent probe CNA, that enables detection of AChE at 520 nm with rapid response time of 60 s and a detection limit of 0.

Cyclobrachycoumarin from Inhibits Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo.

, a plant in the family, is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its unique therapeutic properties, including reported anti-tumor and antioxidant effects. Recent studies suggest that the main constitute of , coumarins, may have potential anti-tumor activity. Recent research suggests that coumarins, the active compounds in , may hold potential anti-tumor activity.

A xanthene-based fluorescent probe capable of selectively detecting phosgene in living mouse model.

In this study, we introduced a novel fluorescent probe RNP, which demonstrated outstanding sensitivity and specificity for phosgene detection. Upon phosgene exposure, the probe exhibited rapid fluorescence turn-on within a short re-sponse time (6 s). RNP was also effective in both cellular and murine experiments, where fluorescence enhancement was observed in the respiratory tract of mice.

Isolation and Characterization of Sesquiterpene Lactones From Syneilesis aconitifolia and Evaluation of Their Anti-Breast Cancer Activity.

Two undescribed sesquiterpene lactones (1 and 2), along with two known analogs (3 and 4), were isolated from Syneilesis aconitifolia. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and single crystal x-ray diffraction. Compound 3 exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against 4T1 cells, with an IC value of 10.

SARS-CoV-2 Nsp7 plays a role in cognitive dysfunction by impairing synaptic plasticity.

It has been reported that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in long-term neurological symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction, however the specific mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Initially, we confirmed a reduction in the level of synaptic proteins in SH-SY5Y neurons following SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 Nsps are crucial for the efficient replication of the virus and play important roles in the interaction between virus and host cell.

Ventral Hippocampal CA1 GADD45B Regulates Susceptibility to Social Stress by Influencing NMDA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity.

Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible protein 45 β (GADD45B) has been reported to be a regulatory factor for active DNA demethylation and is implicated in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and chronic stress-related psychopathological processes. However, its precise role and mechanism of action in stress susceptibility remain elusive. In this study, we found a significant reduction in GADD45B expression specifically in the ventral, but not the dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) of stress-susceptible mice.

Liposomal chlorin e6-mediated photodynamic therapy induces cell pyroptosis and promotes anti-tumor immune effects in breast cancer.

Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death that has been demonstrated to trigger anti-tumor immune responses. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative non-invasive treatment for tumors that effectively destroys tumor cells and boosts anti-tumor immune response. The ability of PDT to trigger pyroptosis and its mechanism of action are yet uncertain.

Apolipoprotein E deficiency exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption and hyperglycemia-associated hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke.

Background: The polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene has been implicated in both the susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease and the prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the influence of ApoE on the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after acute ischemic stroke remains inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of ApoE deficiency on the risk of hyperglycemia-associated HT and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Two New Phenylpropanoids and a Polyphenol with Anti-Cervical Cancer Activity from Smilax china L.

Two novel phenylpropanoids (compounds 1 and 2) and 11 known compounds were isolated from Smilax china L. Their structures were determined by NMR (1D and 2D) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Further, the cytotoxic activity of all the isolated compounds against HeLa, 4T1, and U251 tumor cells was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay, revealing that compound 13 showed significant cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells.

Discovery of sesquiterpene lactones with anti-inflammatory effect from .

The preliminary study revealed that the ethyl acetate eluate of (YJ-E) could inhibit the expression of key proteins of p-p65, p-IκBα, p-IKKα/β, and p-AKT in LPS stimulated BV2 cell. Further phytochemical study led to the isolation of eight compounds from YJ-E, including one new sesquiterpene lactone. Their structures were elucidated by several spectroscopic data, and comparing the NMR data of known compound.

Discovery of Sesquiterpene Lactones with Cytotoxicity from the Herb of Youngia japonica.

In the process of searching for anti-breast cancer agents, five sesquiterpene lactones (1-5), including two previously undescribed ones, yjaponica B-C (1-2), were isolated from the herb of Youngia japonica. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses and Marfey's method. Cytotoxic activities of all compounds against A549, U87, and 4T1 cell lines were tested using the CCK8 assay.

CYP2E1 deficit mediates cholic acid-induced malignant growth in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Background: Increased level of serum cholic acid (CA) is often accompanied with decreased CYP2E1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the roles of CA and CYP2E1 in hepatocarcinogenesis have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles and the underlying mechanisms of CYP2E1 and CA in HCC cell growth.

[Protective effect of salidroside on renal damage in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating RAGE/JAK1/STAT signaling pathway].

This study aims to investigate the protective effect of salidroside(SAL) on renal damage in diabetic nephropathy(DN) mice based on the receptor for advanced glycation end products/janus activated kinase 1/signal transduction and activator of transcription 3(RAGE/JAK1/STAT3) signaling pathway. The mouse DN model was established by high-fat/high-sucrose diets combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin(STZ). Mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low-dose SAL group(20 mg·kg~(-1)), high-dose SAL group(100 mg·kg~(-1)), and metformin group(140 mg·kg~(-1)), with 12 mice in each group.

A novel p55PIK signaling peptide inhibitor alleviates neuroinflammation via the STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathway in experimental stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke remains the predominant contributor to mortality and disability globally. Microglia undergo rapid activation and initiate inflammatory cascade reactions by phenotypic polarization, participating in the regulation of inflammatory injury and tissue repair post-ischemic stroke. Regulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.

Exercised-enriched blood plasma rescues hippocampal impairments and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer's disease model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and moderate exercise holds promise in ameliorating the ongoing neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Here, we investigated whether exercise-enriched blood plasm could yield a beneficial therapeutic effect on AD pathologies and cognitive decline in transgenic AD (P301S) mice. In this investigation, a cohort of 2-month-old C57BL/6 mice were granted continuous access to either a running wheel or a fixed wheel for 6 weeks.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Ergasilus anchoratus Markevich, 1946 (Ergasilidae) and phylogeny of Copepoda.

The mitochondrial (mt) genome can provide data for phylogenetic analyses and evolutionary biology. Herein, we sequenced and annotated the complete mt genome of Ergasilus anchoratus. This mt genome was 13852 bp long and comprised 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs.