[Efficacy of prolonged azithromycin versus switching to doxycycline in the treatment of macrolide-unresponsive pneumonia in children].

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of prolonged azithromycin (PAZM) versus switching to doxycycline (SDXC) in the treatment of macrolide-unresponsive pneumonia (MUMPP) in children.

Methods: A total of 173 children with MUMPP who were hospitalized in Baoji Central Hospital, from January to December 2023 were selected as subjects. According to the choice of secondary antibiotic after 72 hours of initial macrolide therapy, they were divided into two groups: PAZM and SDXC.

Auditory Effects of Acoustic Noise From 3-T Brain MRI in Neonates With Hearing Protection.

Background: Neonates with immature auditory function (eg, weak/absent middle ear muscle reflex) could conceivably be vulnerable to noise-induced hearing loss; however, it is unclear if neonates show evidence of hearing loss following MRI acoustic noise exposure.

Purpose: To explore the auditory effects of MRI acoustic noise in neonates.

Study Type: Prospective.

Measurement of the burdens of neonatal disorders in 204 countries, 1990-2019: a global burden of disease-based study.

Background: Neonatal disorders are facing serious public health challenges. Previous studies were based on limited data sources and had a narrow geographical scope. We aim to understand the trends of alteration in the burden of neonatal disorders from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories.

Primary repair of esophageal atresia gross type C thoracoscopic magnetic compression anastomosis: A case report.

Background: Esophageal atresia (EA) is a life-threatening congenital malformation in newborns, and the traditional repair approaches pose technical challenges and are extremely invasive. Therefore, surgeons have been actively investigating new minimally invasive techniques to address this issue. Magnetic compression anastomosis has been reported in several studies for its potential in repairing EA.

Review on the application of imaging examination for brain injury in premature infants.

Brain injury is the main factor leading to the decline of the quality of life in premature infants. The clinical manifestations of such diseases are often diverse and complex, lacking obvious neurological symptoms and signs, and the disease progresses rapidly. Due to missed diagnosis, it is easy to miss the best treatment opportunity.

Analysis of cranial ultrasound images for newborn.

Introduction: Neonatal cranial ultrasound plays an important role in the evaluation of neonatal brain development and related diseases.

Methods: This paper preliminarily explored the analysis and interpretation methods of neonatal brain ultrasound images, and applied the relevant medical image analysis methods to analyze the relevant neonatal brain ultrasound images in more detail.

Results: Compared with other types of imaging methods, ultrasound has its unique advantages and characteristics in such applications as neonatal head imaging.

Topical and intravenous administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and peripheral arterial disease: a phase I pilot study with a 3-year follow-up.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that contributes to 85% of nontraumatic lower extremity amputations in diabetic patients. Preliminary clinical benefits have been shown in treatments based on mesenchymal stem cells for patients with DFU or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the long-term safety and benefits are unclear for patients with both DFU and PAD who are not amenable to surgical revascularization.

Clinical features and antibiotic treatment of early-onset neonatal listeriosis.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features, efficacy of antibiotic treatment, and outcome of neonatal listeriosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective study that included all neonates diagnosed with listeriosis between January 2010 and December 2021.

Results: Nine male patients and five female patients were analyzed, including 11 preterm and 3 term infants.

Convalescent plasma is of limited clinical benefit in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease-2019: a cohort study.

Background: Recently, convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion was employed for severe or critically ill patients with coronavirus disease-2019. However, the benefits of CP for patients with different conditions are still in debate. To contribute clinical evidence of CP on critically ill patients, we analyze the characteristics and outcomes of patients with or without CP transfusion.

Clinical Recognition of Sensory Ataxia and Cerebellar Ataxia.

Ataxia is a kind of external characteristics when the human body has poor coordination and balance disorder, it often indicates diseases in certain parts of the body. Many internal factors may causing ataxia; currently, observed external characteristics, combined with Doctor's personal clinical experience play main roles in diagnosing ataxia. In this situation, different kinds of diseases may be confused, leading to the delay in treatment and recovery.

Neonatal isovaleric acidemia in China: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited organic acidemia caused by a genetic deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD). Its morbidity is low, but mortality is high. There is no effective cure for this disease.

[A comparative analysis of the efficacy of two vitamin D supplementation regimens in preterm infants: a prospective randomized controlled study].

Objective: To study the effect of different vitamin D supplementation regimens on the nutritional status of vitamin D on day 28 after birth in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks.

Methods: A total of 59 preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks who were born from October 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled and divided into an observation group with 30 infants and a control group with 29 infants. The infants in the observation group received a single-dose intramuscular injection of vitamin D (10 000 IU/kg), while those in the control group received oral vitamin D drops (900 IU/d) for 25 days.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in China: A multicenter case series.

Background: As of April 18, 2020, over 2,000,000 patients had been diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) globally, and more than 140,000 deaths had been reported. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients have been documented recently. However, information on pediatric patients is limited.

[Sedative effect of intranasal midazolam in neonates undergoing magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective single-blind randomized controlled study].

Objective: To compare intranasal midazolam and intramuscular phenobarbital sodium for their sedative effect in neonates undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: A total of 70 neonates who underwent cranial MRI from September 2017 to March 2019 were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 35 cases in each group. The observation group received intranasal drops of midazolam (0.

Therapeutic evidence of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for cerebral palsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a syndrome of childhood movement and posture disorders. Clinical evidence is still limited and sometimes inconclusive about the benefits of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) for CP. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hUC-MSC transplantation concomitant with rehabilitation in patients with CP.

[The Function of Potassium Channel in G271V Mutants of Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions].

Objective: To determine the function of potassium channel in G271V mutants of benign familial neonatal convulsions.

Methods: HEK293 cells were transfected with pcDNA3-WT- and / or pcDNA3-G271V- and pcDNA3-WT- The potassium channel function of G271V mutants was assessed using the whole cell patch clamp technique.

Results: G271V mutants did not show currents in the transfected HEK cells, inducing large depolarizing shift of the conductance voltage relationship and slowing down the current activation kinetics.

Proper timing for the evaluation of neonatal brain white matter development: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Objective: We aimed to determine the timing for assessing birth status of the developing brain (i.e. brain maturity at birth) by exploring the postnatal age-related changes in neonatal brain white matter (WM).

[Influence of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes and neonates].

Objective: To study the influence of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) on pregnancy outcomes and neonates.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for 33 APIP patients and 31 neonates born alive.

Results: Of the 33 APIP patients, 26 (79%) developed APIP in the late pregnancy.

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion for Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common disability which results in permanent chronic motor disability appearing in early childhood. Recently human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSC) infusion has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for CP, and the treatment efficacy remains to be confirmed by clinical trials. All 54 patients received basic rehabilitation as a background treatment.

The first case report of Enterococcus gallinarum meningitis in neonate: A literature review.

Rationale: Enterococcus gallinarum meningitis (EGM) is rarely found in normal adults and even rarer in children. To our knowledge, EGM in neonate has not been reported previously.

Patients Concerns: Here we reported the first case of EGM in neonate.

Functional analysis of potassium channels in Kv7.2 G271V mutant causing early onset familial epilepsy.

Kv7 (KCNQ) channels underlying a class of voltage-gated K+ current are best known for regulating neuronal excitability. The first glycine (G) residue in the pore helix of Kv7.2 (KCNQ2) subunit is highly conserved among different classes of Kv7 channel family.

[Site-directed mutagenesis and protein expression of ABCA3 gene in A549 cells].

Objective: To study the protocol of construction of the mutation E292V and M723I of hABCA3 gene associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, as well as their eukaryotic green fluorescent protein expression rectors, and to examine the expression of mutation proteins in human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549).

Methods: Site-directed mutagenesis method based on overlap extension PCR was used to introduce mutations in the two sites which were E292V and M723I in the ABCA3. The PCR fragments were subcloned to PEGFP-C2 vectors to construct the eukaryotic green fluorescent protein expression rectors.

Semi-quantitative assessment of brain maturation by conventional magnetic resonance imaging in neonates with clinically mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Background: Mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) injury is becoming the major type in neonatal brain diseases. The aim of this study was to assess brain maturation in mild HIE neonatal brains using total maturation score (TMS) based on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Totally, 45 neonates with clinically mild HIE and 45 matched control neonates were enrolled.

Therapy for Cerebral Palsy by Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation Combined With Basic Rehabilitation Treatment: A Case Report.

Background. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause leading to childhood disability. Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) transplantation is a promising alternative considering the safety and efficacy in current reports.