Exploring Potential Medications for Alzheimer's Disease with Psychosis by Integrating Drug Target Information into Deep Learning Models: A Data-Driven Approach.

Approximately 50% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients develop psychotic symptoms, leading to a subtype known as psychosis in AD (AD + P), which is associated with accelerated cognitive decline compared to AD without psychosis. Currently, no FDA-approved medication specifically addresses AD + P. This study aims to improve psychosis predictions and identify potential therapeutic agents using the DeepBiomarker deep learning model by incorporating drug-target interactions.

Temporal dynamics of nucleus accumbens neurons in male mice during reward seeking.

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates reward-motivated behavior, but the temporal dynamics of NAc neurons that enable "free-willed" animals to obtain rewards remain elusive. Here, we recorded Ca activity from individual NAc neurons when mice performed self-paced lever-presses for sucrose. NAc neurons exhibited three temporally-sequenced clusters, defined by times at which they exhibited increased Ca activity: approximately 0, -2.

Epicatechin-Promoted Formation of Acrylamide from 3-Aminopropionamide Via Postoxidative Reaction of B-Ring.

The role of thermally generated 3-aminopropionamide as an intermediate in acrylamide formation in the Maillard reaction has been well established. Herein, the effect of epicatechin on the conversion of 3-aminopropionamide into acrylamide under oxidative conditions was investigated at 160-220 °C. Epicatechin promoted acrylamide generation and 3-aminopropionamide degradation.

Enhancing post-traumatic stress disorder patient assessment: leveraging natural language processing for research of domain criteria identification using electronic medical records.

Background: Extracting research of domain criteria (RDoC) from high-risk populations like those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is crucial for positive mental health improvements and policy enhancements. The intricacies of collecting, integrating, and effectively leveraging clinical notes for this purpose introduce complexities.

Methods: In our study, we created a natural language processing (NLP) workflow to analyze electronic medical record (EMR) data and identify and extract research of domain criteria using a pre-trained transformer-based natural language model, all-mpnet-base-v2.

Enhancing post-traumatic stress disorder patient assessment: Leveraging Natural Language Processing for Research of Domain Criteria Identification using electronic medical records.

Background: Extracting research of domain criteria (RDoC) from high-risk populations like those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is crucial for positive mental health improvements and policy enhancements. The intricacies of collecting, integrating, and effectively leveraging clinical notes for this purpose introduce complexities.

Methods: In our study, we created an NLP workflow to analyze electronic medical record (EMR) data, and identify and extract research of domain criteria using a pre-trained transformer-based natural language model, allmpnet-base-v2.

DeepBiomarker2: Prediction of Alcohol and Substance Use Disorder Risk in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Patients Using Electronic Medical Records and Multiple Social Determinants of Health.

Prediction of high-risk events amongst patients with mental disorders is critical for personalized interventions. We developed DeepBiomarker2 by leveraging deep learning and natural language processing to analyze lab tests, medication use, diagnosis, social determinants of health (SDoH) parameters, and psychotherapy for outcome prediction. To increase the model's interpretability, we further refined our contribution analysis to identify key features by scaling with a factor from a reference feature.

The impacts and mechanisms of dietary proteins on glucose homeostasis and food intake: a pivotal role of gut hormones.

Glucose and energy metabolism disorders are the main reasons induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Besides providing energy, dietary nutrients could regulate glucose homeostasis and food intake intestinal nutrient sensing induced gut hormone secretion. However, reviews regarding intestinal protein sensing are very limited, and no accurate information is available on their underlying mechanisms.

Evaluating the In Situ Insulinotropic Effects of Pea Protein Hydrolysates Mediated by Active GLP-1 via a 2D and Dual-Layered Coculture Cell Model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in situ insulinotropic effects of pea protein hydrolysates (PPHs) mediated by active glucagon-like peptide-1 (active GLP-1) using a 2D and dual-layered coculture cell model. Following this model, a mixed Caco-2 and NCI-H716 cell monolayer was differentiated on the apical side to study the effects of PPHs on active GLP-1 levels; meanwhile, the beta-TC-6 cells were seeded on the basolateral side to investigate the insulin responses induced by active GLP-1. The in situ DPP-4 half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of PPHs, PPHs-120G, and PPHs-120I was 2.

Transepithelial Transport of the Bifunctional Peptide IPYWTY Indirectly Induced Insulin Release Mediated by Active GLP-1.

There is currently no appropriate cell model suitable for evaluating the insulinotropic effects of DPP-4 inhibitory peptides (DPP-4IPs) mediated by active glucagon-like peptide-1 (active GLP-1). The study aims to evaluate the transepithelial transport of IPYWTY on its insulinotropic effects by using a 2D and dual-layered coculture cell model that consists of Caco-2 and NCI-H716 cells on the apical (AP) side and β-TC-6 cells on the basolateral (BL) side. During transportation, IPYWTY was absorbed in its intact form through PepT1 and paracellular transport.

Unveiling the Enigma: Exploring Risk Factors and Mechanisms for Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease through Electronic Medical Records with Deep Learning Models.

Around 50% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may experience psychotic symptoms after onset, resulting in a subtype of AD known as psychosis in AD (AD + P). This subtype is characterized by more rapid cognitive decline compared to AD patients without psychosis. Therefore, there is a great need to identify risk factors for the development of AD + P and explore potential treatment options.

Effect of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase extracted from on wheat dough and bread properties.

In this study, the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) was extracted from . CGTase had negative effects on dough viscoelastic properties and gluten strength but had positive effects on bread baking qualities and anti-staling properties. Adding an appropriate amount of CGTase (less than 0.

Food-derived dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides: Production, identification, structure-activity relationship, and their potential role in glycemic regulation.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides are attracting increasing attention, owing to their potential role in glycemic regulation by preventing the inactivation of incretins. However, few reviews have summarized the current understanding of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides and their knowledge gaps. This paper reviews the production, identification and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides.

Rapid Screening of Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitory Peptides from Pea () Protein Using Peptidomics and Molecular Docking.

Pea protein hydrolysates (PPHs) possess good hypoglycemic effects; however, their dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory activity is poorly understood, and none of the DPP-4 inhibitory peptides have been identified from PPHs. This paper aims to rapidly screen these peptides from PPHs by combining peptidomics and molecular docking. In this study, 543 peptides were identified by peptidomics, and four peptides (IPYWTY, IPYWT, LPNYN, and LAFPGSS) with DPP-4 half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values <100 μM were screened for the first time.

Trapping of reactive carbonyl species by fiber-bound polyphenols from whole grains under simulated physiological conditions.

The carbonyl trapping activity of bound-polyphenol rich insoluble dietary fiber (BP-IDF) from different whole grains and underlying mechanism of these BP-IDF actions were studied under simulated physiological conditions. We found that the black highland barley BP-IDF exhibited the most pronounced effect in scavenging carbonyls by trapping 88.7%, 72.

The Influence of Water-Unextractable Arabinoxylan and Its Hydrolysates on the Aggregation and Structure of Gluten Proteins.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of water-unextractable arabinoxylan (WUAX) and its hydrolysates on the aggregation and structure of gluten proteins and reveal the underlying mechanism. In this work, the WUAX was treated with enzymatic hydrolysis and the changes of their molecular weights and structures were analyzed. Meanwhile, the conformation and aggregation of gluten were determined by reversed-phase HPLC, FT-Raman spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Determination of characteristic evaluation indexes for novel cookies prepared with wax oleogels.

Background: Wax-based oleogels showed better performance as a substitute for shortening in cookies, but the relationship between the structure and physical properties of wax oleogels and cookies quality has not been elucidated, which limit its further application. In this regard, the effect of structure and physical properties of wax oleogels on the quality of cookies was investigated, and the characteristic indexes for evaluating the quality of novel cookies prepared with wax oleogels were determined.

Results: The results showed that oleogels with 5-9% proportion of rice bran wax (RBX) and candelilla wax (CDW) produced soft cookies with porous structure, desired spread and color.

Investigation the influences of water-extractable and water-unextractable arabinoxylan on the quality of whole wheat you-tiao and its mechanism.

This research aimed to investigate the effects of water-extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) and water-unextractable arabinoxylan (WUAX) on the quality of you-tiao. In this work, the interactions between different amounts of AX and wheat gluten were extensively evaluated during frying treatment. The results showed that WEAX impaired the surface hydrophobicity of gluten and improved its solubility, while WUAX had the opposite effect.

Calcium-modified granular attapulgite removed phosphorus from synthetic wastewater containing low-strength phosphorus.

Traditional biological processes combined with chemical precipitation methods can effectively reduce phosphate concentration in wastewater. However, discharge standards required additional advanced treatment technologies, and the removal of low phosphorus concentration is complicated and expensive. This study proposes application of a simple and recyclable adsorbent to remove low-concentration phosphorus from water.