Identification of Three Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Serotype 2.

Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are highly prevalent in bacterial genomes and have been extensively studied. These modules involve in the formation of persistence cells, the biofilm formation, and stress resistance, which might play key roles in pathogen virulence. SezAT and TA modules in serotype 2 ( 2) have been studied, although the other TA systems have not been identified.

Identification of four type II toxin-antitoxin systems in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements that are widely prevalent in the genomes of bacteria and archaea. These modules have been identified in various bacteria and proposed to play an important role in bacterial physiology and virulence. However, their presence in the genomes of Actinobacillus species has received no attention.

The manganese efflux system MntE contributes to the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Manganese is an essential micronutrient to bacteria and plays an important role in bacterial physiology. However, an excess of manganese is extremely deleterious to the cell. The manganese efflux system is used to control intracellular manganese levels by some bacteria.

Formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase is involved in the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe infections in pigs and humans. However, the pathogenesis of S. suis remains unclear.

Contribution of NADH oxidase to oxidative stress tolerance and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis is a major swine and zoonotic pathogen that causes severe infections. Previously, we identified 2 Spx regulators in S. suis, and demonstrated that SpxA1 affects oxidative stress tolerance and virulence.