SOX17-mediated MALAT1-miR-199a-HIF1α axis confers sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is a main modality of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment, while radioresistance largely limits the effect of this therapy. Evidence exists reporting that SOX17 may sensitize ESCC cells to irradiation, but the downstream mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, we attempt to explore the molecular basis of SOX17 effect on radioresistance in ESCC.

Interleukin-22 secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts regulates the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells via the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.

Lung cancer is one of the most common human cancers and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Previous studies have suggested that IL-22 might promote the survival of human lung cancer cells. However, the source of IL-22 and the regulatory mechanism of lung cancer cell proliferation remain unclear.

TRIM13 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells.

Tripartite Motif Containing 13 (TRIM13), a member of TRIM proteins, is deleted in multiple tumor types, especially in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. The present study explored the expression and potential role of TRIM13 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We found that TRIM13 mRNA and protein expression was reduced in NSCLC tissues and cell lines in comparison to paired non-cancerous tissues and a human normal bronchial epithelial cell line, respectively.

REV7 confers radioresistance of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma by recruiting PRDX2.

Radiotherapy has been widely used for the clinical management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, radioresistance remains a serious concern that prevents the efficacy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) radiotherapy. REV7, the structural subunit of eukaryotic DNA polymerase ζ, has multiple functions in bypassing DNA damage and modulating mitotic arrest in human cell lines.

DNA methylation enzyme inhibitor RG108 suppresses the radioresistance of esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common highly aggressive cancer worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 on the radiosensitivity of EC cells. MTT and clonogenic assays were performed to assess the effect of RG108 on the proliferation and radiosensitivity of Eca‑109 and TE‑1 human EC cells.

Advances in targeting the transforming growth factor β1 signaling pathway in lung cancer radiotherapy.

Lung cancer was demonstrated to be the most lethal type of malignant tumor amongst humans in the global cancer statistics of 2012. As one of the primary treatments, radiotherapy has been reported to induce remission in, and even cure, patients with lung cancer. However, the side effects of radiotherapy may prove lethal in certain patients.

mRNA and methylation profiling of radioresistant esophageal cancer cells: the involvement of Sall2 in acquired aggressive phenotypes.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the curative management of inoperable ESCC patients. However, radioresistance restricts the efficacy of radiotherapy for ESCC patients.

Association between XRCC1 and ERCC1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the efficacy of concurrent radiochemotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in X-ray repair cross-complementing 1-399 (XRCC1-399) or excision repair cross-complementation group 1-118 (ERCC1-118) and the short-term efficacy of radiochemotherapy, tumor metastasis and relapse, as well as the survival time in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). TaqMan probe-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was conducted to examine the levels of XRCC1-399 and ERCC1-118 SNPs in the peripheral blood of 50 patients with pathologically confirmed ESCC. In addition, the associations between different genotypes and short-term therapeutic efficacy [the complete remission (CR) rate], tumor metastasis and relapse, as well as the survival time following concurrent radiochemotherapy, were determined.

Improved sensitization effect of sunitinib in cancer cells of the esophagus under hypoxic microenviroment.

Radiotherapy is widely used in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment. Promoting the radiation sensitivity of cancer cells is required. Recent studies have shown that sunitinib can inhibit the growth of several cancer lines.

A Novel Role of Cab45-G in Mediating Cell Migration in Cancer Cells.

Ca(2+)-binding protein of 45 kDa (Cab45), a CREC family member, is reported to be associated with Ca(2+)-dependent secretory pathways and involved in multiple diseases including cancers. Cab45-G, a Cab45 isoform protein, plays an important role in protein sorting and secretion at Golgi complex. However, its role in cancer cell migration remains elusive.

Radiation-induced miR-208a increases the proliferation and radioresistance by targeting p21 in human lung cancer cells.

Background: Lung cancer has long been the most dangerous malignant tumor among males in both well developed and poorly developed countries. Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the curative management of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is also used as a post-surgical treatment in lung cancer patients. Radioresistance is an important factor that limits the efficacy of radiotherapy for NSCLC patients.

RNA interference for epidermal growth factor receptor enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Eca109.

The present study investigated the effects of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, on the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. EGFR gene siRNAs (EGFR-siRNA) were introduced into esophageal cancer Eca109 cells using Lipofectamine® 2000. The EGFR messenger (m)RNA expression levels, EGFR protein expression and cell growth were assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis and a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), respectively.

Recombinant human endostatin enhances the radioresponse in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by normalizing tumor vasculature and reducing hypoxia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human endostatin (rh-Endo) in combination with radiation therapy (RT) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and explore the potential mechanisms. ECA109-bearing nude mice were administered RT and/or rh-Endo treatment. Tumor volume, survival, hypoxia and vascular parameters were recorded during the treatment schedule and follow-up as measures of treatment response.

High expression levels of miR-21 and miR-210 predict unfavorable survival in breast cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been emerging as valuable prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer. We therefore summarized recent research into miRNAs involved in human breast cancer and, further, completed a meta-analysis to predict the role of specific miRNAs in the survival of breast cancer patients.

Methods: Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science.

Management of primary gastric small cell carcinoma in China.

Background: Primary gastric small cell carcinomas (GSCCs) are increasingly identified by endoscopy, and account for 15-20% of all gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). GSCCs have the worst prognosis with the highest rate of metastases.

Purpose: To provide useful information for clinicians and researchers to better manage patients with GSCC, we studied the clinical features of GSCC and explored the corresponding therapies and prognosis.

Downregulation of ubiquitin inhibits the proliferation and radioresistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Radioresistance has been an important factor in restricting efficacy of radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and new approaches to inhibit cancer growth and sensitize irradiation were warranted. Despite the important role of ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) during cancer progression and treatment, the expression and biological role of ubiquitin (Ub) in human NSCLC has not been characterized. In this study, we found that ubiquitin was significantly overexpressed in 75 NSCLC tissues, compared to their respective benign tissues by immunohistochemistry (P < 0.

Analysis of prognostic factors and comparison of prognostic index scores in patients with brain metastases after whole-brain radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Brain metastases (BMs) are typically associated with poor patient prognosis. Radiation therapy remains the primary treatment for BMs, and patient's prognosis is affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors and to compare prognostic index scores in patients with BMs who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT).

miR-132/212 cluster inhibits the growth of lung cancer xenografts in nude mice.

Objective: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in lung cancer progression. In this study, we investigate the effects of miR-132/212 cluster on the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of human lung cancer H1299 cells in nude mice, and further explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Nude mice with subcutaneous transplantation tumor of human lung cancer H1299 cells were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group, the control vector group, and the microRNA-132/212 group.

Effect of celecoxib combined with chemotherapy drug on malignant biological behaviors of gastric cancer.

Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, has been reported to have antitumor effects. In some tumor models, the combination of celecoxib with chemotherapy agents has shown synergistic antitumor effect; however, the effect of celecoxib combination with tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium on the malignant biological behaviors of gastric cancer in nude mice is unclear. In this study, female nude mice were subcutaneously transplanted with SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells.

Upregulation of the miR-212/132 cluster suppresses proliferation of human lung cancer cells.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small post-transcriptional regulatory non-coding RNAs that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancers. Emerging evidence reveals that deregulation of miRNAs contributes to the progression of human lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Expression of YY1 correlates with progression and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a ubiquitous and multifunctional zinc-finger transcription factor that plays important biological functions in cell homeostasis and tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of YY1 in different ESCC tissues and the potential relationship with clinicopathological features.

Relationship between TLR4 and NF-κB p65 protein expressions and clinical radiosensitivity of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To study the relationship between TLR4 and NF-κB p65 protein expressions in tumor tissues after radiotherapy and clinical radiosensitivity of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: A total of 93 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma first treated in our hospital by radiotherapy and surgeries from November 2010 to December 2013 were selected. They were then divided into a severe reaction group, a moderate reaction group and a mild reaction group according to the postoperative pathological examination results of tumor tissues.

Stemness and plasticity of lung cancer cells: paving the road for better therapy.

Lung cancer is a devastating disease that is responsible for around 160,000 deaths each year in United States. The discovery that lung cancer, like most other solid tumors, contains a subpopulation of cancer stem cells or cancer stem-like cells (CSCs/CS-LCs) that if eliminated could lead to a cure has brought new hope. However, the exact nature of the putative lung CSCs/CS-LCs is not known and therefore therapies to eliminate this subpopulation have been elusive.

Artemisinin derivative artesunate induces radiosensitivity in cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Objective: Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer in women worldwide and radiotherapy remains its predominant therapeutic treatment. Artesunate (ART), a derivative of artemisinin, has shown radiosensitization effect in previous studies. However, such effects of ART have not yet been revealed for cervical cancer cells.