Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Relugolix: Preparation and Evaluation.

Purpose: To improve the oral absorption of relugolix (RLGL), which has low oral bioavailability due to its low solubility and being a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). A solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of relugolix (RLGL-S-SMEDDS) was prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: The composition of the solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) was selected by solubility study and pseudo-ternary phase diagram, and further optimized by Design-Expert optimization design.

Semi-quantitative scoring criteria based on multiple staining methods combined with machine learning to evaluate residual nuclei in decellularized matrix.

The detection of residual nuclei in decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) biomaterials is critical for ensuring their quality and biocompatibility. However, current evaluation methods have limitations in addressing impurity interference and providing intelligent analysis. In this study, we utilized four staining techniques-hematoxylin-eosin staining, acetocarmine staining, the Feulgen reaction and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining-to detect residual nuclei in dECM biomaterials.

Impact of sleep disruptions on gray matter structural covariance networks across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

Background: This study explores the impact of sleep disturbances on gray matter structural covariance networks (SCNs) across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum.

Methods: Amyloid-negative participants served as controls, whereas amyloid positive (A+) individuals were categorized into six groups based on cognitive status and sleep quality. SCNs for the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN) were derived from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images.

Machine learning based on blood test biomarkers predicts fast progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy.

Objective: Fast progression (FP) represents a desperate situation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We aimed to develop a predictive framework based on machine learning (ML) methods to identify FP in advanced NSCLC patients using blood test biomarkers.

Methods And Analysis: We extracted data of 1546 atezolizumab-treated patients from four multicentre clinical trials.

Can intelligent virtual assistants improve cognitive function in older adults? A two-wave mediation study.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether social networks and physical exercise mediate the relationship between new and constant use of intelligent virtual assistants (IVAs) and cognitive function in older adults in China and explore the potential differences across living arrangements and education levels.

Methods: This study utilized nationally representative longitudinal data from 2018 to 2020, including a sample of 8343 older adults aged 60-80. A path-analytic model was employed to examine the relationship between IVAs use and cognitive function, as well as the mediating roles of social networks and physical exercise.

Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli isolated from diseased cattle and sheep in Xinjiang, China from 2015 to 2019.

Escherichia coli has become a common causative agent of infections in animals, inflicting serious economic losses on livestock production and posing a threat to public health. Escherichia coli infection is common and tends to be complex in Xinjiang, a major region of cattle and sheep breeding in China. This study aims to explore the current status and molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli infection in cattle and sheep in Xinjiang, as part of the disease prevention and control strategy.

Global research trends in music therapy for surgery: a bibliometric analysis (2009-2023).

Music therapy, known for its profound impact on human emotions and physiology, has gained increasing attention for its applications in medical settings, particularly in surgery. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications on the application of music therapy in surgery from 2009 to 2023, utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) as the primary database. A total of 479 publications were analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Microsoft Excel, and online bibliometric tools.

Relationship between mucin gene polymorphisms and different types of gallbladder stones.

Background: Gallstones, a common surgical condition globally, affect around 20% of patients. The development of gallstones is linked to abnormal cholesterol and bilirubin metabolism, reduced gallbladder function, insulin resistance, biliary infections, and genetic factors. In addition to these factors, research has shown that mucins play a role in gallstone formation.

Fish oil-loaded silver carp scale gelatin-stabilized emulsions with vitamins for the delivery of curcumin.

The encapsulation of curcumin in the emulsions has attracted much attention in functional food development. Herein, the fish oil-loaded silver carp scale gelatin-stabilized emulsions with vitamins were explored for the delivery of curcumin. The curcumin encapsulation had no obvious effect on the formation, storage stability, lipid oxidation, and in vitro droplet digestion behaviors of the emulsions.

Transcellular regulation of ETI-induced cell death.

To address the persistent challenge of cell death spread and limitation during effector-triggered immunity (ETI), we propose a 'concentric circle' model. This model outlines a regulatory framework, integrating multiple cells and diverse signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and Ca. By accounting for the varying concentrations and spatiotemporal distributions of these molecules, our model aims for precision in immune defense and regulated cell death.

Anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of small-molecule pectin from Premna ligustroides Hemsl leaves: Modulation of inflammatory markers and gut microbiota in mice.

Small-molecule pectin (SMP) extracted from the leaves of Premna ligustroides Hemsl, with a molecular weight range of 5000-35,000 Da, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties in vitro. This study explored the effects of SMP on hypercholesterolemia in mice, with a focus on inflammation, lipid profiles, and cholesterol metabolism. Mice received SMP at doses of 607, 303, and 152 mg/kg body weight.

Octyl succinic anhydride-modified chitosan/oxidized sodium alginate Schiff base hydrogel loaded with terbinafine hydrochloride: pH-responsive, self-repairing, antifungal properties.

The application of hydrogels to drug delivery limited by the difficulty of encapsulating hydrophobic drugs; therefore, the development of novel composite hydrogels for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs is urgently needed. In this study, terbinafine hydrochloride/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (TFH/HP-β-CD ICs) were added to a Schiff base hydrogel matrix containing octenyl succinic anhydride-modified chitosan (OSA-CS) and sodium alginate (OIA) to prepare a TFH composite hydrogel (TFH GEL). The results revealed that the solubility of TFH in water within TFH/HP-β-CD IC reached 32.

Understanding Local Thermal Comfort and Physiological Responses in Older People Under Uniform Thermal Environments.

The ageing population has increased the attention on care services for older people, particularly concerning their health and thermal comfort. However, most existing studies focus on the overall thermal comfort of older people, with insufficient research into their local thermal needs for different body parts, impeding precise thermal adjustments and optimal thermal satisfaction. This study investigated the local thermal comfort and skin temperature of older people under various environmental conditions.

Congenital retinal folds.

Congenital retinal folds (CRFs) are a rare entity, with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. They are often associated with ocular conditions such as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). We present a series of 5 patients with unilateral CRFs who underwent genetic testing.

Differentiation of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium varieties via HPLC fingerprinting of polysaccharides combined with machine learning.

To accurately and reliably distinguish different varieties of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), we propose a novel classification strategy combining polysaccharide fingerprinting and machine learning (ML). First, extraction conditions are optimized using the one-variable-at-a-time method and response surface methodology, and the extraction yield of total polysaccharides reaches 25.15%, with different varieties exhibiting different anti-oxidant abilities.

The influence of the position and quantity of thiophene or acetylene groups on the photoelectric properties of dye-sensitized solar cells.

To investigate the influence of the position and quantity of thiophene or acetylene groups on the photoelectric properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), density functional theory (DFT) were employed to simulate five zinc porphyrin dye molecules (T-3, T-3-D, T-3-A, T-3-AD, and T-3-ace). The optimized geometry indicated that T-3-ace possessed superior planar properties, attributed to incorporating the acetylene groups, facilitating the charge transfer process. The lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of T-3-ace and T-3-D suggested that introducing thiophene or acetylene groups on the donor side enhanced the electron absorption capability of the dyes.

Transcriptome analysis unveils the mechanisms of oxidative stress, immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by benzotriazole UV stabilizer-328 in zebrafish embryos.

As an emerging pollutant, ultraviolet stabilizer-328 (UV-328) has been frequently detected in aquatic environments and attracted great attention. Nevertheless, the toxicity and mechanisms of UV-328 to aquatic organisms are still not fully understood. In particular, the immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity of UV-328 to aquatic organisms and their mechanisms have not been reported yet.

Profiling microRNA expression differentiates monozygotic twins in peripherical blood by droplet digital PCR.

It is challenging to distinguish monozygotic (MZ) twins using traditional autosomal STR genotyping due to their nearly identical genomes. As an important kind of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression and considered as excellent biomarkers due to their resistance to degradation. Moreover, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a powerful technique for detecting gene mutations and pathogenic microorganisms, owing to its sensitivity and reliability.

Penehyclidine for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients receiving general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication of general anesthesia. This affects 30-80% of patients, and leads to discomfort and extended hospital stays. The effectiveness of penehyclidine for preventing PONV remains a subject of debate in the literature.

Aerobic exercise prevents renal osteodystrophy via irisin-activated osteoblasts.

Renal osteodystrophy is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to disrupted mineral homeostasis. Given the impaired renal function in these patients, common anti-resorptive agents, including bisphosphonates, must be used with caution or even contraindicated. Therefore, an alternative therapy without renal burden to combat renal osteodystrophy is urgently needed.

The diagnostic performance and optimal strategy of cone beam CT-assisted bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) assisted bronchoscopy shows prospective advantages in diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), but its diagnostic value and potential influencing factors remain unclear. What is the clinical value and optimal strategy of CBCT-assisted bronchoscopy in diagnosing PPLs? The references were searched from PubMed, EmBase, and Web of Science. Studies reporting diagnostic yield and potential influencing factors of CBCT-assisted bronchoscopy were included.

Using Large Language Models to Detect and Understand Drug Discontinuation Events in Web-Based Forums: Development and Validation Study.

Background: The implementation of large language models (LLMs), such as BART (Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers) and GPT-4, has revolutionized the extraction of insights from unstructured text. These advancements have expanded into health care, allowing analysis of social media for public health insights. However, the detection of drug discontinuation events (DDEs) remains underexplored.