Characterizing the skeletal muscle immune microenvironment for sarcopenia: insights from transcriptome analysis and histological validation.

Background: Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. The pathogenesis of the disease is influenced by chronic low-grade inflammation. However, the specific changes in the immune landscape changes of sarcopenic muscle are not yet fully understood.

Identification of key mitochondria-related genes and their relevance to the immune system linking Parkinson's disease and primary Sjögren's syndrome through integrated bioinformatics analyses.

Background: Mitochondria are the metabolic hubs of cells, regulating energy production and antigen presentation, which are essential for activation, proliferation, and function of immune cells. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial antigen presentation may have an impact on diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and autoimmune diseases. However, there is limited knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate the presentation of mitochondrial antigens in these diseases.

Improved Performance of QDSSCs Can Be Achieved by Constructing a Transparent Anatase TiO@MWCNT Photoanode Based on the Bionic Mountain Lotus.

In this research, the structural characteristics of the mountain holly leaf were emulated. It was observed that after the initially uneven surface of the petals is filled with infiltrated water, it exhibits a distinctive transparent beauty after rainfall. Furthermore, the presence of leaf veins enhances the structural strength of the petals and facilitates nutrient transport.

Chondrogenic potential of manganese-loaded composite scaffold combined with chondrocytes for articular cartilage defect.

Cartilage is an alymphatic, avascular and non-innervated tissue. Lack of potential regenerative capacity to reconstruct chondral defect has accelerated investigation and development of new strategy for cartilage repair. We prepared a manganese ion-incorporated natupolymer-based scaffold with chitosan-gelatin by freeze-drying procedure.

Effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture for the treatment of pain after laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture for treating pain after laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: The following databases were searched (since their establishment until November 16, 2021) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on electro-acupuncture for pain after laparoscopic surgery: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Data were screened independently and extracted by two reviewers.

Comparative efficacy and safety of acupuncture and Western medicine for poststroke thalamic pain.

Poststroke thalamic pain (PSTP) is one of the most common sequelae following stroke. Analgesics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and surgical treatment are conventional treatment methods of PSTP, but these methods have limited efficacy, cost more, and cause a likelihood of adverse reactions. Clinical studies have shown that acupuncture has a significant analgesic effect on PSTP without obvious side effects.

Electronic Localization Derived Excellent Stability of Li Metal Anode with Ultrathin Alloy.

Lithium metal is an ideal anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, lithium dendrite growth has impeded its commercial application. Herein, fabricating Li-based ultrathin alloys with electronic localization and high surface work function via depositing Bi, Al, or Au metals on the surface of copper foil for in situ alloying with lithium is proposed.

CircRAD18 Accelerates the Progression of Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Modulation of miR-206/PRKACB Axis.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. However, the effects of circRNAs on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain largely unexplored. We explored the function of circRAD18 in AML development.

Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cohort study protocol.

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, and is a major cause of disability and chronic pain in adults. However, there is very limited evidence in the scientific literature to support the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in human knee osteoarthritis. This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of ESWT treatment with sham-ESWT on pain, walking speed, physical function, and adverse effects in knee osteoarthritis.

The Inhibition of miR-873 Provides Therapeutic Benefit in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Alterations in cholesterol homeostasis have been reported in cell and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), although there are inconsistent data about the association between serum cholesterol levels and risk of PD. Here, we investigated the effects of miR-873 on lysosomal cholesterol homeostasis and progressive dopaminergic neuron damage in a lipopolysaccharide-(LPS) induced model of PD. .

Glutamate affects the CYP1B1- and CYP2U1-mediated hydroxylation of arachidonic acid metabolism via astrocytic mGlu5 receptor.

The extrahepatic CYP enzymes, CYP1B1 and CYP2U1, have been predominantly found in both astrocytes and brain microvessels. We investigated the alteration in the production of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) from arachidonic acid (AA) mainly via CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 by glutamate. CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 mRNA levels were dose-dependently induced by glutamate in human U251 glioma cells and hCMEC/D3 blood-brain barrier cells.

The Protective Role of Brain CYP2J in Parkinson's Disease Models.

CYP2J proteins are present in the neural cells of human and rodent brain regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of brain CYP2J in Parkinson's disease. Rats received right unilateral injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the substantia nigra following transfection with or without the CYP2J3 expression vector.

The Involvement of PPARs in the Selective Regulation of Brain CYP2D by Growth Hormone.

Brain CYP2D is responsible for the synthesis of endogenous neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. This study is to investigate the effects of cerebral CYP2D on mouse behavior and the mechanism whereby growth hormone regulates brain CYP2D. The inhibition of cerebellar CYP2D significantly affected the spatial learning and exploratory behavior of mice.

Glutamate affects the production of epoxyeicosanoids within the brain: The up-regulation of brain CYP2J through the MAPK-CREB signaling pathway.

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and chronic glutamate excitotoxicity has been thought to be involved in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the effects of glutamate at concentrations lower than the usual extrasynaptic concentrations on the production of epoxyeicosanoids mediated by brain CYP2J. Glutamate increased CYP2J2 mRNA levels in astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner, while an antagonist of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5 receptor) attenuated the glutamate-induced increases in CYP2J2 levels by glutamate.

Purification, characterization and in vitro antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from Chaenomeles speciosa.

A water-soluble polysaccharide named as CSP-2 was isolated and purified from Chaenomeles speciosa by DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. CSP-2 was composed of galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), glucose (Glc) and xylose (Xyl) with a relative molar ratio of 3.8:1.

Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Chaenomeles speciosa.

In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (CSP) was successfully purified from Chaenomeles speciosa by DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. CSP had a weight-average molecular weight of about 6.3 × 10(4)Da and was composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha) and arabinose (Ara) with a relative molar ratio of 4.

Characterization and antitumor activities of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Ampelopsis megalophylla.

A water-soluble polysaccharide named as AMP was isolated and purified from the leaves of Ampelopsis megalophylla by DEAE-52 Cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. AMP had an average molecular weight of about 8.4 × 10(4)Da and was composed of galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), arabinose (Ara), and rhamnose (Rha) in a molar ratio of 2.

Angelica Sinensis polysaccharides stimulated UDP-sugar synthase genes through promoting gene expression of IGF-1 and IGF1R in chondrocytes: promoting anti-osteoarthritic activity.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joints disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage due to the loss of cartilage matrix. Previously, we found, for the first time, that an acidic glycan from Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharides (APSs), namely the APS-3c, could protect rat cartilage from OA due to promoting glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in chondrocytes. In the present work, we tried to further the understanding of ASP-3c's anti-OA activity.

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Ampelopsis megalophylla.

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Ampelopsis megalophylla were evaluated in this research. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed 42 compounds, representing 88.54% of the oil.

Increased expression of CYP4Z1 promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth in human breast cancer.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4Z1, a novel CYP4 family member, is over-expressed in human mammary carcinoma and associated with high-grade tumors and poor prognosis. However, the precise role of CYP4Z1 in tumor progression is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CYP4Z1 overexpression promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth in breast cancer.

Protective effect of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) on adriamycin-induced toxicity of human renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2).

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a cytochrome P4504A11 metabolite of arachidonic acid that plays an important role in the regulation of human renal functions. In the present study, we investigated the role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid on adriamycin induced toxicity in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Results showed that cell viability was decreased significantly and lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner when human renal tubular epithelial cells were incubated with adriamycin (10⁻⁷-10⁻³ mol/l) for 24h.

Effects of amlodipine on TGF-β-induced Smad2, 4 expressions in adriamycin toxicity of rat mesangial cells.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is closely associated with progressive renal fibrosis. A central component of TGF-β-stimulated mesangial cell fibrogenesis is the TGF-β family-specific Smad signal transduction pathway. This study investigated the expression of TGF-β-receptor--activated Smad2, its common partner Smad4, and the phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) in adriamycin-induced toxicity of cultured rat mesangial cells.

Differential roles of dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nifedipine, nitrendipine and amlodipine on gentamicin-induced renal tubular toxicity in rats.

In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative potencies of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists prototype nifedipine, the second generation drug nitrendipine, and the long acting, third generation drug amlodipine on gentamicin-induced renal tubular toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between renal tubular cell apoptosis and the antioxidative properties of these dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. Results showed that treatment with gentamicin alone caused significant changes in the levels of urinary protein, urinary N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.

Hepatotoxicity and gene expression down-regulation of CYP isozymes caused by renal ischemia/reperfusion in the rat.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) occurs in many clinical scenarios, including trauma, elective surgery, and transplantation. Events initiated by this process can lead to inflammation in the kidneys, culminating in local injury as well as distant organ dysfunction. The objectives of this study were to investigate the changes in the functions of the liver and the regulation of gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes after renal I/R.