Innovative multi-class segmentation for brain tumor MRI using noise diffusion probability models and enhancing tumor boundary recognition.

Medical imaging, notably Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), plays a vital role in contemporary healthcare by offering detailed insights into internal structures. Addressing the escalating demand for precise diagnostics, this research focuses on the challenges of multi-class segmentation in MRI. The proposed algorithm integrates diffusion models, capitalizing on their efficacy in capturing microstructural details, emphasizing the intricacies of human anatomy and tissue variations that challenge segmentation algorithms.

Robust internal model control based on a novel generalized extended state observer and its application on a two-inertia system.

Disturbance observer (DOB) and extended state observer (ESO) are extensively utilized to handle external disturbances and model uncertainties in the control system. Nevertheless, the integration of these two methods to improve disturbance suppression remains an open question. In this research, the disturbance compensation mechanism of DOB is employed to compensate the disturbance estimation error of ESO, thereby achieving an effective integration of DOB and ESO.

Content-illumination coupling guided low-light image enhancement network.

Current low-light enhancement algorithms fail to suppress noise when enhancing brightness, and may introduces structural distortion and color distortion caused by halos or artifacts. This paper proposes a content-illumination coupling guided low-light image enhancement network (CICGNet), it develops a truss topology based on Retinex as backbone to decompose low-light image component in an end-to-end way. The preservation of content features and the enhancement of illumination features are carried out along with depth and width direction of the truss topology.

High accuracy ranging for space debris with spaceborne single photon Lidar.

The increasing risk posed by space debris highlights the need for accurate localization techniques. Spaceborne single photon Lidar (SSPL) offers a promising solution, overcoming the limitations of traditional ground-based systems by providing expansive coverage and superior maneuverability without being hindered by weather, time, or geographic constraints. This study introduces a novel approach leveraging non-parametric Bayesian inference and the Dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM) to accurately determine the distance of space debris in low Earth orbit (LEO), where debris exhibits nonlinear, high dynamic motion characteristics.

On-orbit space optical communication demonstration with a 22 s acquisition time.

The inherent small divergence angle of space optical communication poses significant challenges to establishing communication links. Therefore, laser link acquisition becomes a crucial technology in optical communication, with a primary focus on reducing the acquisition time effectively. Conventional optical communication acquisition techniques fail to address the error effects caused by satellite insertion into the Earth orbit, thus unable to meet the rapid establishment demands of laser links in satellite optical communication networks.

Osthole inhibits GSK-3β/AMPK/mTOR pathway-controlled glycolysis and increases radiosensitivity of subcutaneous transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.

Purpose: Osthole possesses anti-tumor activities. However, whether osthole can have a radiosensitization effect on hepatic cancer remains unclear. Here, an HCC-LM3 cells-inoculated subcutaneous transplanted tumor was adopted to explore the effect of osthole.

Underwater single photon 3D imaging with millimeter depth accuracy and reduced blind range.

Mono-static system benefits from its more flexible field of view and simplified structure, however, the backreflection photons from mono-static system lead to count loss for target detection. Counting loss engender range-blind, impeding the accurate acquisition of target depth. In this paper, count loss is reduced by introducing a polarization-based underwater mono-static single-photon imaging method, and hence reduced blind range.

Beam Scanning and Capture of Micro Laser Communication Terminal Based on MEMS Micromirrors.

With the development of space laser communication and the planned deployment of satellite Internet constellations, there is a growing demand for microminiature laser communication terminals. To meet the requirements of size, weight and power (SWaP), miniaturized terminals require smaller drive components to complete on-orbit scanning and capture, which must be fast and efficient to enable satellite laser communication networks. These miniaturized laser communication terminals are highly susceptible to the impact of the initial pointing accuracy of the laser beam and microvibrations of the satellite platform.

Exploring the potential molecular mechanism of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity based on RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.

The cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab (TRZ) seriously affects the prognosis of breast cancer patients, but the underlying mechanisms remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of TRZ-induced cardiotoxicity based on RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis. Kunming mice were exposed to 10 mg/kg TRZ for 6 and 10 days, followed by echocardiography, histopathology and serum biochemical analysis to evaluate the cardiotoxicity model.

Osthole increases the radiosensitivity of hepatoma cells by inhibiting GSK-3β/AMPK/mTOR pathway-controlled glycolysis.

Osthole is a natural coumarin substance that has an inhibitory effect on hepatic cancer, but its radiosensitization effect on hepatoma cells has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of osthole. Human HCC-LM3 and SK-Hep-1 hepatoma cells were used and treated with or without osthole, irradiation, or their combination; the cell survival, migration, colony formation, DNA damage repair, intracellular lactic acid content, and glycolysis-related glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), p-GSK-3β, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p-AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), GLUT-3, and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) protein expressions were determined.

Effect of mixed magnetic field on physical properties of atmospheric suspended fine particles.

In recent years, the fine particles suspended in the atmosphere, especially the particle size less than 10 , have caused very adverse effects on the climate environment and human health. However, the current research on the causes of air pollution mainly focuses on human activities and weather conditions. Considering the weak magnetism and chargeability of atmospheric fine particles, this study proposed a new view that space electromagnetic radiation may affect the physical properties of fine particles.

Osthole Increases the Sensitivity of Liver Cancer to Sorafenib by Inhibiting Cholesterol Metabolism.

Osthole is a natural product that has an inhibitory effect on liver cancer, but its effect on the sensitivity of liver cancer to sorafenib is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of osthole and possible sensitization mechanisms. Our results showed that the combination of 2.

Apigenin sensitizes radiotherapy of mouse subcutaneous glioma through attenuations of cell stemness and DNA damage repair by inhibiting NF-κB/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis.

We used radioresistant SU3-5R stem cells-inoculated subcutaneous glioma model to investigate the radiosensitization effect of apigenin. After treatment of glioma with apigenin 20 mg/kg for 12 days, irradiation 8 Gray twice or their combination, the tumor volume and weight were decreased, especially in the combination group. Apigenin inhibited the activities of glycolytic enzymes and expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-1α), glucose transporter (GLUT)-1/3 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) proteins in tumor tissues.

Stevioside inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of NRK-52E cells by PPARγ activation.

Background: Stevioside is a natural diterpenoid compound that possesses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and renal protective effects, but its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells, an important immune pathological mechanism of renal fibrosis, remains unknown. This study employed the renal proximal tubular cells NRK-52E to investigate the effect of stevioside.

Methods: The LPS-stimulated renal NRK-52E cells were treated with 50, 100, or 200 μM stevioside in the presence or absence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662, the expression levels of intracellular E-cadherin, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), PPARγ, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p-STAT3, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis.

In-situ synthesis of biochar modified PbMoO: An efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst for tetracycline removal.

For highly efficient photocatalytic remediation of organic pollutants, broad-spectrum light response and effective charge separation are two key goals. To achieve these goals, a novel biochar (BC) modified PbMoO composite catalyst was successfully synthesized in situ by combining coprecipitation with pyrolysis treatment of poplar sawdust and the technical feasibility of degradation of tetracycline (TC) with compound photocatalyst prepared from recovered agricultural and forestry residues was preliminarily demonstrated. The characterization demonstrated that the presence of BC narrowed the bandgap, enhanced visible light absorption as well as facilitated charge separation.

Stevioside inhibits unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced kidney fibrosis and upregulates renal PPARγ expression in mice.

This study aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of stevioside on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced kidney fibrosis. The UUO mice were daily given 50-100 mg/kg stevioside by gavage for 14 days after the operation. The results showed that stevioside decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen and renal hydroxyproline, severity of kidney fibrosis, and expressions of renal collagen I/III and α-smooth muscle actin proteins.

Apigenin attenuates TGF-β1-stimulated cardiac fibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix production by targeting miR-155-5p/c-Ski/Smad pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Apigenin is a natural flavonoid compound present in chamomile (Matricaia chamomilla L.) from the Asteraceae family, which is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by traditional healers, but its effects on differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are poorly understood.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to examine these effects and potential molecular mechanisms and to provide a new application of apigenin in the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis.

Carbon Nanolights in Piezopolymers are Self-Organizing Toward Color Tunable Luminous Hybrids for Kinetic Energy Harvesting.

Herein, an all-solid-state sequential self-organization and self-assembly process is reported for the in situ construction of a color tunable luminous inorganic/polymer hybrid with high direct piezoresponse. The primary inorganic self-organization in solid polymer and the subsequent polymer self-assembly are achieved at high pressure with the first utilization of piezo-copolymer (PVDF-TrFE) as the host matrix of guest carbon quantum dots (CQDs). This process induces the spontaneous formation of a highly ordered, microscale, polygonal, and hierarchically structured CQDs/PVDF-TrFE hybrid with multicolor photoluminescence, consisting of very thermodynamic stable polar crystalline nanowire arrays.

Protective effect of apigenin on d-galactosamine/LPS-induced hepatocellular injury by increment of Nrf-2 nucleus translocation.

Apigenin has a protective effect on D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse liver injury through the increments of hepatic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expressions, but its exact mechanisms are still uncertain. This study aimed to further verify its protective effect on hepatocytes and to determine its target of action. The results showed that after treatment of D-GalN/LPS-stimulated hepatocytes with 2.

Aqueous Phase Exfoliating Quasi-2D CsPbBr Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Intrinsic Water Stability.

All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as attractive optoelectronic materials due to the excellent optical and electronic properties. However, their environmental stability, especially in the presence of water, is still a significant challenge for their further commercialization. Here, ultrahigh intrinsically water-stable all-inorganic quasi-2D CsPbBr nanosheets (NSs) via aqueous phase exfoliation method are reported.

Apigenin-induced HIF-1α inhibitory effect improves abnormal glucolipid metabolism in AngⅡ/hypoxia-stimulated or HIF-1α-overexpressed H9c2 cells.

Background: Apigenin, a natural flavonoid compound, can improve the myocardial abnormal glucolipid metabolism and down-regulate the myocardial hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophic rats. However, whether or not the ameliorative effect of glucolipid metabolism is from the reduction of HIF-1α expression remains uncertain.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the exact relationship between them in angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)/hypoxia-stimulated or HIF-1α overexpressed H9c2 cells.