pH adjustment increases biofuel production from inhibitory switchgrass hydrolysates.

Biofuels derived from renewable and sustainable lignocellulosic biomass, such as switchgrass, offer a promising means to limit greenhouse gas emissions. However, switchgrass grown under drought conditions contains high levels of chemical compounds that inhibit microbial conversion to biofuels. Fermentation of drought switchgrass hydrolysates by engineered and generates less ethanol than fermentation of hydrolyzed switchgrass from an average rainfall year.

Band Tailoring Enabled Perovskite Devices for X-Ray to Near-Infrared Photodetection.

Perovskite semiconductors have shown significant promise for photodetection due to their low effective carrier masses and long carrier lifetimes. However, achieving balanced detection across a broad spectrum-from X-rays to infrared-within a single perovskite photodetector presents challenges. These challenges stem from conflicting requirements for different wavelength ranges, such as the narrow bandgap needed for infrared detection and the low dark current necessary for X-ray sensitivity.

Low-input redoxomics facilitates global identification of metabolic regulators of oxidative stress in the gut.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in organ aging and related diseases, yet the endogenous regulators involved remain largely unknown. This work highlights the importance of metabolic homeostasis in protecting against oxidative stress in the large intestine. By developing a low-input and user-friendly pipeline for the simultaneous profiling of five distinct cysteine (Cys) states, including free SH, total Cys oxidation (Sto), sulfenic acid (SOH), S-nitrosylation (SNO), and S-glutathionylation (SSG), we shed light on Cys redox modification stoichiometries and signaling with regional resolution in the aging gut of monkeys.

Integrated multiomics signatures to optimize the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer.

Diagnosing lung cancer from indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPLs) remains challenging. In this multi-institutional study involving 2032 participants with IPLs, we integrate the clinical, radiomic with circulating cell-free DNA fragmentomic features in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-enriched regions to establish a multiomics model (clinic-RadmC) for predicting the malignancy risk of IPLs. The clinic-RadmC yields an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.

Transcriptional landscape and predictive potential of long noncoding RNAs in peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in gastric cancer (GC) progression and metastasis. However, research comprehensively exploring tissue-derived lncRNAs for predicting peritoneal recurrence in patients with GC remains limited. This study aims to investigate the transcriptional landscape of lncRNAs in GC with peritoneal metastasis (PM) and to develop an integrated lncRNA-based score to predict peritoneal recurrence in patients with GC after radical gastrectomy.

Association of humidity and precipitation with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The relationship of asthma with humidity and precipitation remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of increased humidity and precipitation with asthma risk.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Wanfang, CQVIP, and CNKI.

Postoperative analgesic effect of intravenous coinjection of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine in gynaecological surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Hysterectomy or myomectomy is a common gynaecological procedure that results in moderate to severe acute postoperative pain, which can cause many adverse effects. This study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy, opioid consumption, quality of postoperative recovery (QOR) and adverse reactions of intravenous coinjection of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine versus lidocaine or dexmedetomidine alone in gynaecological surgery.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.

Exploring the impact mechanisms on different mechanized airing approaches during second round heap fermentation of sauce-flavor Baijiu: From physicochemical parameters, microbial diversity to volatile flavor compounds.

The airing process of sauce-flavor Baijiu is a critical operation that serves the functions of cooling, homogenizing, and facilitating microbial proliferation and metabolism. Comprehensive analysis of physicochemical parameters, bacterial and fungal community of fermented grains, and volatile flavor compounds of soy-sauce (Jiangxiang) and mellow-sweet (Chuntian) typical base liquors among traditional (CT) and two different mechanized (JXA and JXB) airing operations were investigated. The results indicated that the dynamic variation patterns of moisture content, total titratable acidity, starch content, lactic acid, acetic acid, pH, and dominated microbial composition among CT, JXA, and JXB were similar, while minor bacterial genera with relative abundance including unclassified Micrococcineae, unclassified Rhizobiales, etc, and dominated fungi such as Torulaspora, Hyphopichia, Candida, Pichia, and Penicillium were profoundly influenced by mechanized airing operations, especially by JXB.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals S100A8/A9 neutrophils-induced endothelial cell death and lymphocyte infiltration after ischemic stroke.

Stroke is a major global cause of death and disability, with ischemic stroke being the most common type. The disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key factor in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, allowing immune cells to infiltrate and worsening neuroinflammation. This study uses single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to examine the transcriptional changes in neutrophils, endothelial cells, and T cells during ischemic stroke.

Non-invasive prenatal detection of dominant single-gene disorders in fetal structural abnormalities: a clinical feasibility study.

Objective: This study evaluated the accuracy of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT-SGDs) for dominant monogenic genetic diseases associated with fetal structural abnormalities and to assess the feasibility of clinical application.

Methods: Pregnant women requiring prenatal diagnosis due to fetal structural abnormalities were enrolled. Maternal peripheral blood was analyzed for cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using coordinative allele-aware target enrichment sequencing (COATE-seq).

METTL3 confers oxaliplatin resistance through the activation of G6PD-enhanced pentose phosphate pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Oxaliplatin-based therapeutics is a widely used treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients; however, drug resistance poses a significant clinical challenge. Epigenetic modifications have been implicated in the development of drug resistance. In our study, employing siRNA library screening, we identified that silencing the mA writer METTL3 significantly enhanced the sensitivity to oxaliplatin in both in vivo and in vitro HCC models.

In Situ Crystal Growth and Fusing-Confined Engineering of Quasi-Monocrystalline Perovskite Thick Junctions for X-ray Detection and Imaging.

Metal halide perovskites exhibit great promise for utilization in X-ray detection owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties and high X-ray attenuation capabilities. However, fabricating large-area thick films for high-performance perovskite X-ray detection remains challenging. This study develops an in situ crystal growth and fusing-confined approach to prepare high-quality, large-scale perovskite quasi-monocrystalline thick junctions.

Anion Receptor-manipulated solvation chemistry and electric double layer enables high Zn-Utilization rate and lean Zn metal batteries.

The practical application of aqueous Zn metal batteries (AZMBs) is impeded by inferior reversibility and stability of Zn metal anode (ZMA) originated from side reactions and dendrite growth. Herein, anion receptor l-Proline (LP) is selected to simultaneously manipulate solvation chemistry and electric double layer (EDL) for constructing dendrite-free and stable AZMBs with an ultra-high depth of discharge (DOD of 100 %) and low negative/positive capacity ratio (N/P of 1.1).

ASH1L in Hepatoma Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes Fibrosis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often occurs in the context of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Methylation of histone is an important epigenetic mechanism, but it is unclear whether histone methyltransferases are potent targets for fibrosis-associated HCC therapy. ASH1L, an H3K4 methyltransferase, is found at higher levels in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatoma cells.

Study on the Recombinant Human Interferon α1b, α2b, and Gamma Transient Expression and Activities in Tobacco.

Interferons (IFNs) are universally acknowledged for their pivotal role in antiviral and anticancer responses. Thus, the primary aim of our study was to explore the expressions of IFN-α1b, α2b, and gamma in tobacco leaves via agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation and investigate their possible activities. Briefly, fusion with green fluorescent protein tags aided in detecting the expressed IFN proteins in the foliar tissues.

High Mass Transfer Rate in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Achieved with Efficient Quasi-Gas Phase System.

The adhesion of H bubbles on the electrode surface is one of the main factors limiting the performance of H evolution of electrolytic water, especially at high current density. To overcome this problem, here a "quasi-gas phase" electrolytic water reaction system based on capillary effect is proposed for the first time to improve the mass transfer efficiency of H. The typical feature of this reaction system is that the main site of H evolution reaction is transferred from the bulk aqueous solution to the gas phase environment above the bulk aqueous solution, thus effectively inhibiting the aggregation of H bubbles and reducing the resistance of their diffusion away.

Janus Doping of Sulfur into Platinum Diselenide Ribbons.

2D platinum diselenide (PtSe), a novel member of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) family, possesses many excellent properties, including a layer-dependent bandgap, high carrier mobility, and broadband response, making it promise for applications in technologies like field-effect transistors and room-temperature photodetectors. Doping represents an effective method to modify the electrical properties of 2D TMDCs and to bestow upon them additional functions. However, to date, little research has been conducted on the successful doping of 2D PtSe for modification.

Association of obesity with osteoporotic fracture risk in individuals with bone metabolism-related conditions: a cross sectional analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the individual and composite associations of different indices of obesity on osteoporotic fractures at three different sites among individuals affected by conditions influencing bone metabolism.

Methods: Participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a national cross-sectional survey. BMI and WC were used separately and in combination to evaluate the presence of obesity.

Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for sleep quality and perceived stress in patients with spinal cord injury.

Objective: To explore the effect of the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) practice on sleep quality and perceived stress in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Method: A total of 104 patients with SCI (diagnosed via imaging and clinical symptoms) admitted to our hospital between January 2020 and December 2022 were selected as the study participants. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the MBSR (observation) group and the control group.