β-Glucans in particulate and solubilized forms elicit varied immunomodulatory and apoptosis effects in teleost macrophages in a dosedependent manner.

β-Glucans are a group of heterogeneous glucose polymers that possess immunomodulatory activities. The complex nature of their structures, uncertainty regarding the doses, and variable immune effects pose a challenge to comprehensive understanding. In this study, we investigated the immune responses and apoptosis effects in Nile tilapia () head kidney macrophages (MФ) upon exposure to two β-Glucans (Paramylon and Laminarin) at low and high doses.

Functional Characterization of Serum Amyloid P Component (SAP) in Host Defense against Bacterial Infection in a Primary Vertebrate.

Serum amyloid P component (SAP), an ancient short pentraxin of the pentraxin family, plays an essential role in resistance to bacterial infection. In this study, the expression and functional characterization of SAP (OnSAP) in Nile tilapia (), a primary vertebrate, are investigated. The open reading frame of is 645 bp of a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of 214 amino acids.

Functional characterization of complement factor H in host defense against bacterial pathogen in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Complement factor H (CFH), a multifunctional soluble complement regulatory protein, can bind to a variety of pathogens and play a crucial role in host innate immune defense. To explore the functional characteristics of CFH (OnCFH) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), we cloned and characterized the open reading frame (ORF) of OnCFH in this study. The full-length of OnCFH ORF is 1359 bp, encoding 452 aa for a 48.