Gut microbiota-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid from metformin treatment reduces hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting ferroptosis.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a common and inevitable factor leading to poor prognosis in various liver diseases, making the outcomes of current treatments in clinic unsatisfactory. Metformin has been demonstrated to be beneficial to alleviate HIRI in recent studies, however, the underpinning mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found metformin mitigates HIRI-induced ferroptosis through reshaped gut microbiota in mice, which was confirmed by the results of fecal microbiota transplantation treatment but showed the elimination of the beneficial effects when gut bacteria were depleted using antibiotics.

Butyrate inhibits the mitochondrial complex Ι to mediate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological malignancy with high morbidity worldwide. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal flora, has been reported to inhibit cervical carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the pro-apoptotic effects of butyrate on CC and the underlying mechanisms.

Butyrate Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cells by Inducing Mitochondriamediated Apoptosis.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a common cause of cancer death in East Asia. Current treatment strategies for GC, including medical and surgical interventions, are suboptimal. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the intestinal flora, has been reported to be able to inhibit gastric carcinogenesis.

Size-adaptive mediastinal multilesion detection in chest CT images via deep learning and a benchmark dataset.

Purpose: Many deep learning methods have been developed for pulmonary lesion detection in chest computed tomography (CT) images. However, these methods generally target one particular lesion type, that is, pulmonary nodules. In this work, we intend to develop and evaluate a novel deep learning method for a more challenging task, detecting various benign and malignant mediastinal lesions with wide variations in sizes, shapes, intensities, and locations in chest CT images.

Short-chain fatty acid butyrate: A novel shield against chronic gastric ulcer.

Butyrate is one of the most abundant short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal bacteria. In the present study, the action of butyrate on chronic gastric mucosa lesions was investigated, as well as its underlying mechanism in mice. Male mice from the Institute of Cancer Research were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, model and butyrate groups.

Lactate as a metabolite from probiotic Lactobacilli mitigates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury: an in vivo study.

Background: Pre-administration of probiotic Lactobacilli attenuates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (GMI). The underpinning mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We speculated that lactate, the main metabolite of Lactobacillus that can be safely used as a common food additive, mediated the gastroprotective effect.