Low-temperature oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde over Mo-based catalysts.

The research and development of the green synthesis route of chemicals has become the focus of research in academia and industry. At present, the highly efficient oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde over non-precious metal catalysts under mild conditions is most promising, but remains a big challenge. Herein, the Mo-Sn oxide catalyst was designed to successfully realize low-temperature oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, achieving an acetaldehyde selectivity of 89.

Targeting S100A9 attenuates social dysfunction by modulating neuroinflammation and myelination in a mouse model of autism.

Growing evidence supports a role for dysregulated neuroinflammation in autism. However, the underlying mechanisms of microglia-evoked neuroinflammation in the development of autistic phenotypes have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of microglial S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) in autistic phenotypes.

Fullerenols Ameliorate Social Deficiency and Rescue Cognitive Dysfunction of BTBR TItpr3/J Autistic-Like Mice.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction and communication and can cause stereotypic behavior. Fullerenols, a type of carbon nanomaterial known for its neuroprotective properties, have not yet been studied for their potential in treating ASD. We aimed to investigate its role in improving autistic behaviors in BTBR TItpr3/J (BTBR) mice and its underlying mechanism, which could provide reliable clues for future ASD treatments.

Exploring the relationship between mindfulness and burnout among preschool teachers: the role of dispositional equanimity and empathy.

The objective of this study is to delve into the underlying mechanisms between mindfulness and burnout among preschool teachers. Employing a cross-sectional research design, this study surveyed 1,980 Chinese preschool teachers using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Preschool Teacher Dispositional Equanimity Questionnaire (PTDEQ), Empathy Scale (ME), and Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES). The results revealed a significant negative correlation between preschool teachers' mindfulness and burnout.

Ligustilide inhibits Purkinje cell ferritinophagy via the ULK1/NCOA4 pathway to attenuate valproic acid-induced autistic features.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which social impairment is the core symptom. Presently, there are no definitive medications to cure core symptoms of ASD, and most therapeutic strategies ameliorate ASD symptoms. Treatments with proven efficacy in autism are imminent.

Effects of six teaching strategies on medical students: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Mounting evidence has suggested that novel teaching strategies have a positive impact on the quality and efficiency of medical education. However, the comprehensive evidence about the superiority among various strategies is not clear. To address this issue, we aim to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the effects of six main strategies on medical education, including case-based learning, problem-based learning, team-based learning, flipped classrooms, simulation-based education and bridge-in, objective, preassessment, participatory learning, postassessment and summary.

Introduction of TiO enhancing the catalytic performance of Ti(SO)/SiO for dimethyl ether oxidation.

The introduction of a small amount of TiO changes the surface properties of the SiO material, which further significantly affects the dispersion state of Ti(SO). The differences in acidity and redox caused by the distribution of Ti(SO) are closely related to the catalyst performance for dimethyl ether (DME) oxidation. In particular, the calcination temperature could adjust the surface hydroxyl content of TiO/SiO, which determines the dispersion of Ti(SO) components, resulting in distinct acid sites and Ti valence.

Genomic analysis of a new heterotic maize group reveals key loci for pedigree breeding.

Genome-wide analyses of maize populations have clarified the genetic basis of crop domestication and improvement. However, limited information is available on how breeding improvement reshaped the genome in the process of the formation of heterotic groups. In this study, we identified a new heterotic group (X group) based on an examination of 512 Chinese maize inbred lines.

Early-life stress contributes to depression-like behaviors in a two-hit mouse model.

Background: Depression is a common psychological disorder with pathogenesis involving genetic and environmental interactions. Early life stress can adversely affect physical and emotional development and dramatically increase the risk for the development of depression and anxiety disorders.

Methods: To examine potential early life stress driving risk for anxiety and depression, we used a two-hit developmental stress model，injecting poly(I: C) into neonatal mice on P2-P6 followed by peripubertal unpredictable stress in adolescence.

Complex genetic architecture underlying the plasticity of maize agronomic traits.

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a given genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in response to changing environmental conditions. Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity and establishing a predictive model is highly relevant to future agriculture under a changing climate. Here we report findings on the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity for 23 complex traits using a diverse maize population planted at five sites with distinct environmental conditions.

Characteristics and candidate genes associated with excellent stalk strength in maize ( L.).

Lodging is a major problem in maize production, which seriously affects yield and hinders mechanized harvesting. Improving stalk strength is an effective way to improve lodging. The maize inbred line Jing2416 (J2416) was an elite germplasm in maize breeding which had strong stalk mechanical strength.

, Encoding a Typical CC-NBS-LRR Protein, Confers Resistance to Southern Corn Rust in Maize.

Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Underw. poses a major threat to maize production worldwide. The utilization of host SCR-resistance genes and the cultivation of resistant cultivars are the most effective, economical strategies for controlling SCR.

Side Effects of Opioids Are Ameliorated by Regulating TRPV1 Receptors.

Humans have used opioids to suppress moderate to severe pain for thousands of years. However, the long-term use of opioids has several adverse effects, such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and addiction. In addition, the low efficiency of opioids in controlling neuropathic pain limits their clinical applications.

Natural variation of ZmCGT1 is responsible for isoorientin accumulation in maize silk.

Maize (Zea mays L.) silk contains high levels of flavonoids and is widely used to promote human health. Isoorientin, a natural C-glycoside flavone abundant in maize silk, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential value.

The genetic mechanism of heterosis utilization in maize improvement.

Background: In maize hybrid breeding, complementary pools of parental lines with reshuffled genetic variants are established for superior hybrid performance. To comprehensively decipher the genetics of heterosis, we present a new design of multiple linked F1 populations with 42,840 F1 maize hybrids, generated by crossing a synthetic population of 1428 maternal lines with 30 elite testers from diverse genetic backgrounds and phenotyped for agronomic traits.

Results: We show that, although yield heterosis is correlated with the widespread, minor-effect epistatic QTLs, it may be resulted from a few major-effect additive and dominant QTLs in early developmental stages.

Molecular dissection of maize seedling salt tolerance using a genome-wide association analysis method.

Salt stress is a major devastating abiotic factor that affects the yield and quality of maize. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the responses to salt stress in maize is limited. To elucidate the genetic basis of salt tolerance traits, a genome-wide association study was performed on 348 maize inbred lines under normal and salt stress conditions using 557 894 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

The Distinct Functions of Dopaminergic Receptors on Pain Modulation: A Narrative Review.

Chronic pain is considered an economic burden on society as it often results in disability, job loss, and early retirement. Opioids are the most common analgesics prescribed for the management of moderate to severe pain. However, chronic exposure to these drugs can result in opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction formation of three-way junction DNA structure combined with nicking enzyme signal amplification for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of Salmonella Typhimurium.

The detection of Salmonella Typhimurium (S.typhimurium) is of great importance in food safety field. Colorimetric strategy is particularly appealing for S.

Stalk architecture, cell wall composition, and QTL underlying high stalk flexibility for improved lodging resistance in maize.

Background: Stalk fracture caused by strong wind can severely reduce yields in maize. Stalks with higher stiffness and flexibility will exhibit stronger lodging resistance. However, stalk flexibility is rarely studied in maize.

Identification and Fine Mapping of , a Southern Corn Rust Resistance Gene in Maize.

Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Underw. is a major disease causing severe yield losses during maize production. Here, we identified and mapped the SCR resistance gene from the near-isogenic line Kangxiujing2416 (Jing2416K), which harbors in the genetic background of the susceptible inbred line Jing2416.

MaizeCUBIC: a comprehensive variation database for a maize synthetic population.

MaizeCUBIC is a free database that describes genomic variations, gene expression, phenotypes and quantitative trait locus (QTLs) for a maize CUBIC population (24 founders and 1404 inbred offspring). The database not only includes information for over 14M single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and 43K indels previously identified but also contains 660K structure variations (SVs) and 600M novel sequences newly identified in the present study, which represents a comprehensive high-density variant map for a diverse population. Based on these genomic variations, the database would demonstrate the mosaic structure for each progeny, reflecting a high-resolution reshuffle across parental genomes.

A rapid, adaptative DNA biosensor based on molecular beacon-concatenated dual signal amplification strategies for ultrasensitive detection of p53 gene and cancer cells.

The cancer diagnosis with single level of biomarkers suffers from limitation of insufficient accuracy. Hence, developing sensitive, rapid and adaptative analytical strategies for double-level biomarkers are essential for improving the accuracy of clinical cancer diagnosis at early stage. Herein, a DNA biosensor was established based on the catalytic hairpin assembly-mediated Y-junction nicking enzyme assisted signal amplification (CHA-YNEASA) circuits, where the two circuits were concatenated by molecular beacon (MB).

CUBIC: an atlas of genetic architecture promises directed maize improvement.

Background: Identifying genotype-phenotype links and causative genes from quantitative trait loci (QTL) is challenging for complex agronomically important traits. To accelerate maize gene discovery and breeding, we present the Complete-diallel design plus Unbalanced Breeding-like Inter-Cross (CUBIC) population, consisting of 1404 individuals created by extensively inter-crossing 24 widely used Chinese maize founders.

Results: Hundreds of QTL for 23 agronomic traits are uncovered with 14 million high-quality SNPs and a high-resolution identity-by-descent map, which account for an average of 75% of the heritability for each trait.