Histamine H receptors in dentate gyrus-projecting cholinergic neurons of the medial septum suppress contextual fear retrieval in mice.

Fear memory is essential for survival and adaptation, yet excessive fear memories can lead to emotional disabilities and mental disorders. Despite previous researches have indicated that histamine H receptor (HR) exerts critical and intricate effects on fear memory, the role of HR is still not clarified. Here, we show that deletion of HR gene in medial septum (MS) but not other cholinergic neurons selectively enhances contextual fear memory without affecting cued memory by differentially activating the dentate gyrus (DG) neurons in mice.

Preparation of HA-MAO coatings on β-type alloys and its corrosion resistance in high glucose environments.

Aim to provide practical clinical guidance for the treatment of implants in diabetic patients, this study investigated the corrosion mechanism of bionic coatings containing different Ca/P ratios in diabetic environments. The bionic coatings were prepared in β-titanium alloys using micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology and evaluated for corrosion mechanism, biocompatibility, and safety by cytotoxicity, electrochemical corrosion, and coating bonding force experiments. Ca and P from the electrolyte were integrated into the coating during MAO discharge process to form hydroxyapatite.

Naked-Eye 3-Dimensional Vision Training for Myopia Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Early onset of myopia increases the risk of high myopia, which can lead to irreversible retinal damage and even loss of central vision.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of naked-eye 3-dimensional vision training (NVT) in preventing the progression of myopia in children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 3 hospitals from May 25, 2022, to February 24, 2023.

Low-frequency Stimulation at the Subiculum Prevents Extensive Secondary Epileptogenesis in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Secondary epileptogenesis is characterized by increased epileptic susceptibility and a tendency to generate epileptiform activities outside the primary focus. It is one of the major resultants of pharmacoresistance and failure of surgical outcomes in epilepsy, but still lacks effective treatments. Here, we aimed to test the effects of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) at the subiculum for secondary epileptogenesis in a mouse model.

The claustrum-prelimbic cortex circuit through dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor signaling underlies depression-like behaviors associated with social stress etiology.

Ample evidence has suggested the stress etiology of depression, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood yet. Here, we report that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) attenuates the excitatory output of the claustrum (CLA) to the prelimbic cortex (PL) through the dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor (KOR) signaling, being critical for depression-related behaviors in male mice. The CSDS preferentially impairs the excitatory output from the CLA onto the parvalbumin (PV) of the PL, leading to PL micronetwork dysfunction by disinhibiting pyramidal neurons (PNs).

Satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia play a wider role in chronic pain via multiple mechanisms.

Satellite glial cells are unique glial cells that surround the cell body of primary sensory neurons. An increasing body of evidence suggests that in the presence of inflammation and nerve damage, a significant number of satellite glial cells become activated, thus triggering a series of functional changes. This suggests that satellite glial cells are closely related to the occurrence of chronic pain.

Chemogenetic inhibition of subicular seizure-activated neurons alleviates cognitive deficit in male mouse epilepsy model.

Cognitive deficit is a common comorbidity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and is not well controlled by current therapeutics. How epileptic seizure affects cognitive performance remains largely unclear. In this study we investigated the role of subicular seizure-activated neurons in cognitive impairment in TLE.

Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the vLGN mediate the nociceptive effects of green and red light on neuropathic pain.

Phototherapy is an emerging non-pharmacological treatment for depression, circadian rhythm disruptions, and neurodegeneration, as well as pain conditions including migraine and fibromyalgia. However, the mechanism of phototherapy-induced antinociception is not well understood. Here, using fiber photometry recordings of population-level neural activity combined with chemogenetics, we found that phototherapy elicits antinociception via regulation of the ventral lateral geniculate body (vLGN) located in the visual system.

Excitatory somatostatin interneurons in the dentate gyrus drive a widespread seizure network in cortical dysplasia.

Seizures due to cortical dysplasia are notorious for their poor prognosis even with medications and surgery, likely due to the widespread seizure network. Previous studies have primarily focused on the disruption of dysplastic lesions, rather than remote regions such as the hippocampus. Here, we first quantified the epileptogenicity of the hippocampus in patients with late-stage cortical dysplasia.

Inflachromene attenuates seizure severity in mouse epilepsy models via inhibiting HMGB1 translocation.

Epilepsy is not well controlled by current anti-seizure drugs (ASDs). High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein in the nucleus regulating transcriptional activity and maintaining chromatin structure and DNA repair. In epileptic brains, HMGB1 is released by activated glia and neurons, interacting with various receptors like Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream glutamatergic NMDA receptor, thus enhancing neural excitability.

(+)-Borneol enantiomer ameliorates epileptic seizure via decreasing the excitability of glutamatergic transmission.

Epilepsy is one common brain disorder, which is not well controlled by current pharmacotherapy. In this study we characterized the therapeutic potential of borneol, a plant-derived bicyclic monoterpene compound, in the treatment of epilepsy and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. The anti-seizure potency and properties of borneol were assessed in both acute and chronic mouse epilepsy models.

GPR177 in A-fiber sensory neurons drives diabetic neuropathic pain via WNT-mediated TRPV1 activation.

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common and devastating complication in patients with diabetes. The mechanisms mediating DNP are not completely elucidated, and effective treatments are lacking. A-fiber sensory neurons have been shown to mediate the development of mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain, yet the molecular basis underlying the contribution of A-fiber neurons is still unclear.

AKR2A interacts with KCS1 to improve VLCFAs contents and chilling tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Arabidopsis thaliana AKR2A plays an important role in plant responses to cold stress. However, its exact function in plant resistance to cold stress remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the contents of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in akr2a mutants were decreased, and the expression level of KCS1 was also reduced.

AKR2A participates in the regulation of cotton fibre development by modulating biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids.

The biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their transport are required for fibre development. However, whether other regulatory factors are involved in this process is unknown. We report here that overexpression of an Arabidopsis gene ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2A (AKR2A) in cotton promotes fibre elongation.

The molecular chaperon AKR2A increases the mulberry chilling-tolerant capacity by maintaining SOD activity and unsaturated fatty acids composition.

Chilling is common in nature and can damage most plant species, particularly young leaves and buds. Mulberry (Morus spp.) is an economically important food source for the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori).

Morphological, Physiological and Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Improvement of Castor Bean Productivity of a Dwarf Variety in Comparing with a High-Stalk Variety.

displays a broad range of phenotypic diversity in size, with dwarf, common, and large-sized varieties. To better understand the differences in plant productivity between a high-stalk variety and a dwarf variety under normal growth conditions, we carried out a comparative proteomic study between Zhebi 100 (a high stalk variety) and Zhebi 26 (a dwarf variety) combined with agronomic and physiological analyses. Over 1000 proteins were detected, 38 of which differed significantly between the two varieties and were identified by mass spectrometry.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Effects of Exogenous Calcium against Acid Rain Stress in Liquidambar formosana Hance Leaves.

Acid rain (AR) impacts forest health by leaching calcium (Ca) away from soils and plants. Ca is an essential element and participates in various plant physiological responses. In the present study, the protective role of exogenous Ca in alleviating AR stress in Liquidambar formosana Hance at the physiological and proteomic levels was examined.

The E3 ligase AtCHIP positively regulates Clp proteolytic subunit homeostasis.

The caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) core proteins are essential for plant growth and development, especially for chloroplast function. Antisense or overexpression of ClpP4, which is one of the Clp core subunits, causes chlorotic phenotypes in Arabidopsis. An E3 ligase gene, AtCHIP, has previously been found to ubiquitylate ClpP4 in vitro.

Enhancement of the controlled-release properties of chitosan membranes by crosslinking with suberoyl chloride.

A novel crosslinking agent, suberoyl chloride, was used to crosslink N-phthaloyl acylated chitosan and improves the properties of chitosan membranes. Membranes with different crosslinking degrees were synthesized. The derivatives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹³C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which indicated that the crosslinking degrees ranged from 0 to 7.

"Smart" Materials Based on Cellulose: A Review of the Preparations, Properties, and Applications.

Cellulose is the most abundant biomass material in nature, and possesses some promising properties, such as mechanical robustness, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Thus, cellulose has been widely applied in many fields. "Smart" materials based on cellulose have great advantages-especially their intelligent behaviors in reaction to environmental stimuli-and they can be applied to many circumstances, especially as biomaterials.

Fabrication of dual-responsive cellulose-based membrane via simplified surface-initiated ATRP.

An independently temperature- and pH-responsive membrane was developed by simultaneously grafting poly(N-isopropylacryamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly[(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEAEMA) from different sides of a crosslinked cellulose membrane. The synthesis was simplified by using surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer for atom-transfer radical polymerization in a diffusion device. The grafted membrane was heterostructured.

Long-alkane-chain modified N-phthaloyl chitosan membranes with controlled permeability.

A series of N-phthaloyl acylated chitosan membranes with controlled permeability were synthesized by the regioselective protection of the chitosan amino groups as the corresponding phthalimides followed by reaction with the long-chain dodecanoyl chloride. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) analysis suggested that the degree of substitution (DS) ranged from 2.8 to 3.

Vascular peroxidase-1 is rapidly secreted, circulates in plasma, and supports dityrosine cross-linking reactions.

Members of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily catalyze biochemical reactions essential to a broad spectrum of biological processes, including host defense, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, and modification of extracellular matrix, as well as contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. We recently identified a novel member of this family, vascular peroxidase-1 (VPO1), that is highly expressed in the human cardiovascular system. Its biosynthesis and enzymatic properties are largely unknown.