Artificial neural network-genetic algorithm-based optimization of aerobic composting process parameters of Ganoderma lucidum residue.

The rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine enterprises has put forward higher requirements for the resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residues (TCMR). Aerobic composting of TCMR to prepare bio-organic fertilizer is an effective resource utilization method. In this study, a back-propagation artificial neural network (BPNN) model using composting factors as inputs (C/N, initial moisture content, type of inoculant, composting days) and the humic acid content as the output was constructed based on the orthogonal test data.

Bioaugmentation improves the anaerobic co-digestion of cadmium-containing plant residues and cow manure.

Phytoremediation causes a large quantity of phytoremediation residues rich in heavy metals (HMs). This kind of plant residue can be used as a substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD) to reduce the content of HM-containing biomass, but high concentrations of HMs will inhibit the digestion efficiency and reduce the conversion efficiency of plant residues. Bioaugmentation may be an effective method to improve the degradation efficiency and methane yield of plant residues rich in HMs.

The phyllosphere indigenous microbiota of Brassica campestris L. change its diversity in responding to di-n-butyl phthalate pollution.

In this study, the effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on the phyllosphere bacterial community of field mustard (Brassica campestris L.) at the five-leaf stage were investigated. The indigenous alpha-diversity of the phyllosphere bacteria was altered after spraying with different concentrations of DBP.

Fast simultaneous determination of main components and impurity sodium ion in PAMA injection by mixed-mode chromatography.

This study describes an analytical method to control the quality of potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate (PAMA) injection based on the simultaneous detection of the main components (K, Mg and Asp) and impurities (Na) using a mixed-mode chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector. To obtain optimal chromatographic separation, the effects of organic content, column temperature, buffer types, pH and concentrations were evaluated. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimal design was performed after single factor experiment.

Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of two types of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes in the sediment of Lake Yuehu, China.

There are two genetically distinct morphological types of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) in the intertidal zone of Lake Yuehu (China): ellipsoidal MMPs (eMMPs) and spherical MMPs (sMMPs). We studied the vertical distribution of both types of MMPs in the sediment at Lake Yuehu during 1 year. Both types of MMPs were observed at sediment depths ranging from 1 to 34 cm, depending on the seasons.

A review on the applications of microbial electrolysis cells in anaerobic digestion.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely used for biogas or biofuel generation from waste treatment. Because a low production rate and instability of AD occur frequently, various technologies have been applied to improvement of AD. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), an emerging technology, can convert organic matter into hydrogen, methane, and other value-added products.

Identification and characterization of lymph organ microRNAs in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii infected with white spot syndrome virus.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were important post-transcriptional regulators and played vital roles in innate immunity system of invertebrates, especially in the aspect of antivirus. In this study, using high-throughput small RNAs Illumina sequencing system, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) from lymph organs in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, infected with white spot syndrome virus, were identified. As a result, 32 known miRNAs and 7 novel miRNAs were identified in crayfish lymph organ small RNAs library of NG and WG.

Archaea Dominate the Ammonia-Oxidizing Community in Deep-Sea Sediments of the Eastern Indian Ocean-from the Equator to the Bay of Bengal.

Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) oxidize ammonia to nitrite, and therefore play essential roles in nitrification and global nitrogen cycling. To better understand the population structure and the distribution of AOA and AOB in the deep Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO), nine surface sediment samples (>3,300 m depth) were collected during the inter-monsoon Spring 2013. One sediment sample from the South China Sea (SCS; 2,510 m) was also included for comparison.

Analysis of gene gain and loss in the evolution of predatory bacteria.

Predatory bacteria are ubiquitously distributed in nature in including in aquatic environments, sewage, intestinal tracts of animals and humans, rhizophere and, soils. However, our understanding of their evolutionary history is limited. Results of recent studies have shown that acquiring novel genes is a major force driving bacterial evolution.