Could Blood Transfusion Increase the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease? A Narrative Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, and its pathogenesis is complex. In addition to amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau, inflammation and microbial infections also play a role in the development of AD. Currently, there is no effective clinical intervention to cure AD or completely halt its progression.

Uncovering immune cell heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma by combining single-cell RNA sequencing with T-cell receptor sequencing.

Background: Understanding the status and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells is essential for improving immunotherapeutic effects and predicting the clinical response in human patients with carcinoma. However, little is known about tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the corresponding research results in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited.

Aim: To investigate potential biomarker genes that are important for the development of HCC and to understand how immune cell subsets react throughout this process.

[The advances on autophagy the pathogenesis and treatment in septic acute kidney injury].

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Septic acute kidney injury (SAKI) is one of the most common complications of sepsis, and the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) indicates that the patient's condition is critical with a poor prognosis. The traditional view holds that the main mechanism of SAKI is the reduction of renal blood flow, inadequate renal perfusion, inflammatory response, and microcirculatory dysfunction caused by sepsis, which subsequently leads to ischemia and necrosis of renal tubular cells.

Silk fibroin microneedles loaded with melatonin for circadian rhythm regulation.

As a new type of transdermal drug delivery preparation, microneedles can improve the bioavailability of drugs and enhance patient compliance. This article develops a melatonin transdermal sustained-release microneedles using silk fibroin as the substrate. The silk fibroin in microneedles forms a SILK I crystal structure, which does not dissolve in the skin but has certain swelling properties.

Exploring the dynamic functions of pastoral traditional knowledge.

Pastoral traditional knowledge is increasingly recognized for its inherent adaptability in addressing contemporary challenges and increasing the resilience of pastoral communities. To deepen our understanding of how this knowledge system demonstrates adaptive characteristics, we employ a functional lens to examine its dynamic nature in this systematic review. Our analysis, based on insights from 152 case studies worldwide, shows that this knowledge system has various domains and serves diverse functions, including ecological, economic, and socio-cultural functions, with further subfunctions.

Improving equity through barrier-free transportation: an evaluation of Shanghai metro stations.

Introduction: As urbanization progresses and vulnerable populations increase, equitable accessibility remains a critical issue. This study evaluates the accessibility of transit-oriented development (TOD) in Shanghai, focusing on barrier-free facilities in metro stations.

Methods: A comprehensive evaluation framework combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the System Usability Scale (SUS) was developed to assess metro station accessibility.

Fucoxanthin promotes the conversion efficiency of alpha-linolenic acid in feeding to docosahexaenoic acid in quail egg yolk.

The conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in feed to DHA in egg is inefficient, so there is a critical need for feed additives that can enhance the enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in egg yolk from ALA-rich feed. The present study evaluated the impact of dietary fucoxanthin on the conversion efficiency of ALA in feed to DHA in quail egg yolk. Results showed that the addition of 0.

Study on the Effect of Phillyrin on In Vivo and In Vitro.

As a zoonotic pathogen, serotype 2 (SS2) can cause severe diseases in both pigs and humans, and develop resistance to antibiotics. Plant natural compounds are regarded as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Phillyrin is the major bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine Forsythia suspensa.

Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates from the ICU of a Tertiary Hospital in East China.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and genotypes, and homology features of carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) in intensive care unit (ICU) and to provide basis for effectively prevention, control and treatment of nosocomial infections caused by CRAB.

Methods: A total of 39 CRAB strains isolated from hospitalized patients in the ICU and neurosurgical ICU (NICU) between 2020 and 2023 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Virulence factor genes (VFGs), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), multilocus sequencing typing (MLST), complete genome multilocus sequencing typing (cgMLST), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses were performed using WGS.

N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation, a new hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the immune microenvironment.

N6-methyladenosine is one of the most common and reversible post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotes, and it is involved in alternative splicing and RNA transcription, degradation, and translation. It is well known that cancer cells acquire energy through metabolic reprogramming to exhibit various biological behaviors. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A induces cancer metabolic reprogramming by regulating the expression of core metabolic genes or by activating metabolic signaling pathways.

Distribution characteristics of Hg and As in the water-SPM system in the Xiaoqing river estuary and coastal.

Water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were collected from Xiaoqing Estuary and its adjacent waters in August 2022 to study the spatial distribution and risk assessment of Hg and As. The content of Hg in SPM samples ranged from 4.7152 to 446.

Alternative splicing: Therapeutic target for vasculopathy in diabetic complications.

It is becoming increasingly evident that diabetic vascular complications seriously threaten human health. The most prevalent microvascular complications include kidney disease, retinal disease, cardiovascular diseases and amputation. Conventional treatments can only relieve the progression of the diseases, and is no longer appropriate for the long-term management of diabetic patients.

Chemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater in northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China.

With the excellent water quality, abundant water quantity and convenient and economical exploitation conditions, groundwater has become an important water source for the social and economic development and people's livelihood in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau in China. This study employed geostatistics, mineral saturation index, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio coefficient, chloralkali index and other methods to reveal the chemical distribution characteristics, evolution law and hydrogeochemical formation mechanism of groundwater in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the contents of main chemical components of groundwater in Beichuan increased continuously from 1980 to 2020 complicating the types of hydrochemistry due to intensive groundwater exploitation and potential pollution from chemical plants.

Residual levels of dietary deltamethrin interfere with growth and intestinal health in Litopenaeus vannamei.

To date, few study explored the damage of chronic dietary exposure to the lipophilic pesticide deltamethrin (DM) in aquatic animals, and it remains unclear whether its toxicity and residue levels would be affected by dietary lipid levels. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the interactions between dietary lipid levels and DM levels in the Pacific white shrimp, focusing on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota. DM has excellent insecticidal activity and has been used worldwide.

PDGFR-α Mediated the Neuroinflammation and Autophagy via the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway Contributing to Depression-Like Behaviors in Myofascial Pain Syndrome Rats.

Depression often occurs in patients with additional co-morbidities, particularly in cases of chronic pain. Currently, there is a lack of research on the molecular mechanisms of depression under chronic pain conditions and suitable animal models. Due to the contradiction exhibited by platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF/PDGFR) in neuroprotection, further investigation is required.

[Research progress on the role of mitochondrial dynamics disorder in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury].

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's uncontrolled response to infection, and is one of the main causes of death in critically ill patients. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is associated with the poor prognosis of sepsis patients, and its pathogenesis is complex and still unclear to this day. Mitochondrial dynamics is crucial for maintaining the normal morphology, quantity, number and function of mitochondria, which is a new research hotspot in recent years.

Dual impacts of serine/glycine-free diet in enhancing antitumor immunity and promoting evasion via PD-L1 lactylation.

The effect of the serine/glycine-free diet (-SG diet) on colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear; meanwhile, programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are less effective for most CRC patients. Here, we demonstrate that the -SG diet inhibits CRC growth and promotes the accumulation of cytotoxic T cells to enhance antitumor immunity. Additionally, we also identified the lactylation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells as a mechanism of immune evasion during cytotoxic T cell-mediated antitumor responses, and blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway is able to rejuvenate the function of CD8+ T cells recruited by the -SG diet, indicating the potential of combining the -SG diet with immunotherapy.

Identification of a Susceptible and High-Risk Population for Postoperative Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Older Adults: Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model.

Background: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a serious postoperative complication among older adult surgical patients that frequently develops into sepsis or even death. Notably, the incidences of SIRS and sepsis steadily increase with age. It is important to identify the risk of postoperative SIRS for older adult patients at a sufficiently early stage, which would allow preemptive individualized enhanced therapy to be conducted to improve the prognosis of older adult patients.

Amplitude-Modulation Frequency Optimization for Enhancing Harmonic Motion Imaging Performance of Breast Tumors in the Clinic.

Objective: Elastography images tissue mechanical responses and infers the underlying properties to aid diagnosis and treatment response monitoring. The estimation of absolute or relative tumor properties may vary with dimensions even when the mechanical properties remain constant. Harmonic motion imaging (HMI) uses amplitude-modulated (AM) focused ultrasound to interrogate the targeted tissue's viscoelastic properties.

A comparative evaluation of bioequivalence of Gan & Lee glargine U300 and Toujeo in Chinese healthy male participants.

Background: To assess the bioequivalence between Gan & Lee (GL) glargine U300 and Toujeo regarding pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety in Chinese healthy male participants.

Methods: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, two-preparation, two-sequence, four-cycle repeated crossover design study was performed to compare GL glargine U300 and Toujeo in 40 healthy participants. The primary PK endpoints were the area under the curve of glargine metabolites, M1 concentration from 0 to 24 hours (AUC), and the maximum glargine concentration within 24 hours post-dose (C).

Research on Positioning and Navigation System of Greenhouse Mobile Robot Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion.

The labor shortage and rising costs in the greenhouse industry have driven the development of automation, with the core of autonomous operations being positioning and navigation technology. However, precise positioning in complex greenhouse environments and narrow aisles poses challenges to localization technologies. This study proposes a multi-sensor fusion positioning and navigation robot based on ultra-wideband (UWB), an inertial measurement unit (IMU), odometry (ODOM), and a laser rangefinder (RF).