In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity and mechanism of luteolin from Humulus scandens against Escherichia coli from chicken.

Resistance of Escherichia coli (E.coli) to antibiotics has steadily increased over time; hence, there is an urgent need to develop safer alternatives to antibiotics. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of luteolin (Lut) on E.

Lightweight single-phase Al-based complex concentrated alloy with high specific strength.

Developing light yet strong aluminum (Al)-based alloys has been attracting unremitting efforts due to the soaring demand for energy-efficient structural materials. However, this endeavor is impeded by the limited solubility of other lighter components in Al. Here, we propose to surmount this challenge by converting multiple brittle phases into a ductile solid solution in Al-based complex concentrated alloys (CCA) by applying high pressure and temperature.

Isolation of Bacillus licheniformis and its protective effect on liver oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by aflatoxin B1.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins. The use of probiotics is an effective approach to reduce aflatoxins content in foods. To find efficient bacterial species that can eliminate or detoxify AFB1, a bacterial strain S51 capable of degrading AFB1 was isolated from chicken intestine and soil samples by using a culture medium containing coumarin as the sole carbon source.

Effects of Co on Mechanical Properties and Precipitates in a Novel Secondary-Hardening Steel with Duplex Strengthening of MC and β-NiAl.

Synergistic strengthening of nano-scaled MC and β-NiAl has become a new route to develop ultra-high secondary-hardening steel. At present, the effect of Co on the synergistic precipitation behavior of duplex phases of MC and β-NiAl has been rarely reported. This paper revealed the effects of Co on the mechanical properties and duplex precipitates of MC and β-NiAl in a novel 2.

Elastic strain-induced amorphization in high-entropy alloys.

Elastic stability is the basis for understanding structural responses to external stimuli in crystalline solids, including melting, incipient plasticity and fracture. In this work, elastic stability is investigated in a series of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) using in situ mechanical tests and atomic-resolution characterization in transmission electron microscopy. Under tensile loading, the HEA lattices are observed to undergo a sudden loss of ordering as the elastic strain reached ∽ 10%.

Phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of the co-infection of the new variant of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and the novel porcine kobuvirus isolated from piglets with diarrhea.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a virus that can cause diarrhea in pigs, resulting in significant economic losses to the pig industry. The mutation of the virus and its co-infection with other enteroviruses leads to poor control of PEDV infection. In this study, we found that the diarrhea outbreak in a pig farm in Shandong Province was mainly caused by PEDV infection.

Manipulating the ordered oxygen complexes to achieve high strength and ductility in medium-entropy alloys.

Oxygen solute strengthening is an effective strategy to harden alloys, yet, it often deteriorates the ductility. Ordered oxygen complexes (OOCs), a state between random interstitials and oxides, can simultaneously enhance strength and ductility in high-entropy alloys. However, whether this particular strengthening mechanism holds in other alloys and how these OOCs are tailored remain unclear.

A genetically novel avian Hepatitis E virus in China.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has a global distribution with diverse hosts, including mammals and avians. In this study, an avian Hepatitis E virus (aHEV) strain with a high mortality rate of about 30%, designated as SDXT20, was obtained from the liver of 30-week-old Hubbard chickens with severe hepatosplenomegaly in 2020 in Eastern China and HEV was proved to be the only pathogen by next-generation sequencing. Its complete genome, which encodes three open reading frames (ORFs), is 6649 nt in length.

LAMP real-time turbidity detection for fowl adenovirus.

Background: Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is an infectious agent that can cause jaundice, severe anaemia, dyspnoea and reproductive disorders in fowls. Since 2015, FAdV disease has been rapidly spreading among broiler chickens in China, where it has caused significant economic losses. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) real-time turbidity method with strong specificity to FAdV was established.

Identification, Pathogenicity of Novel Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 SDJN0105 in Shandong, China and Immunoprotective Evaluation of the Newly Developed Inactivated Oil-emulsion FAdV-4 Vaccine.

Since mid-2015, numerous outbreaks of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS), which is caused by a novel fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have been reported in chickens in parts of China, thereby causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Thus, an effective vaccine to control the further spread of infections with this hyper-virulent FAdV-4 is imperative. In this study, we isolated a novel FAdV-4 strain SDJN0105 from a broiler farm with HHS disease in Shandong Province.

Genetic characterization of one duck-origin paramyxovirus type 4 strain in China.

Avian paramyxovirus type 4 (APMV-4) has been frequently reported from wildfowl and waterfowl in recent year. However, few studies have reported on the molecular characteristics and regional transmission of APMV-4, knowledge of which is important for understanding the genetic diversity and epidemiology of avian paramyxovirus. Herein, we report the isolation of one APMV-4 strain, designated as QY17, from the duck in eastern China.

Genetic characterization of an H13N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated from gulls in China.

Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses circulate in wild birds but are occasionally transmitted to other species, including poultry, mammals and humans. To date, infections with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of HA subtype 6, HA subtype 7, HA subtype 9 and HA subtype 10 among humans have been reported. However, the epidemiology, genetics and ecology of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses have not been fully understood thus far.

Establishment and Application of Rapid Diagnosis for Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR of Newly Emerging Goose-Origin Nephrotic Astrovirus in China.

In 2017, a new type of goose-origin astrovirus (GoAstV) that is completely different from previously identified avian astroviruses (which have only 30.0% to 50.5% homology with GoAstV) has been isolated from diseased geese in China.

Isolation and genetic characterization of H13N8 low pathogenic avian influenza virus from migratory birds in eastern China.

Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) is an important zoonotic pathogen. Migratory birds are the natural reservoir for all 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase (NA) subtypes of LPAIV. Surveillance of LPAIV in migratory waterfowl and poultry is important for animal and public health.

Immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 nucleic acid vaccine containing CpG motif for mice.

Background: This study aimed at reseaching the immune effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) DNA vaccine containing CpG motif on mice.

Methods: A total of 40 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups which were immunized by 18CpG-pVAX1-ORF2, pVAX1-ORF2, pVAX1 and PBS, respectively, and immunized again 2 weeks later. All mice were challenged with 0.

Long noncoding RNA uc.345 promotes tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer by upregulation of hnRNPL expression.

Increasing evidence points to an important functional or regulatory role of long noncoding RNA in cellular processes as well as cancer diseases resulted from the aberrant lncRNA expression. LncRNA could participate in the cancer progression and develop a significant role through the interaction with proteins. In the present study, we report a lncRNA termed uc.

H9N2 avian influenza virus-derived natural reassortant H5N2 virus in swan containing the hemagglutinin segment from Eurasian H5 avian influenza virus with an in-frame deletion of four basic residues in the polybasic hemagglutinin cleavage site.

We isolated a novel H5N2 avian influenza virus from swans in China. The virus was derived from a widespread H9N2 avian influenza virus but acquired the hemagglutinin gene from Eurasian H5 subtype with a naturally occurring in-frame deletion of four basic residues in the polybasic hemagglutinin cleavage site.

Improvement of the Immunogenicity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 DNA Vaccine by Recombinant ORF2 Gene and CpG Motifs.

Nowadays, adjuvant is still important for boosting immunity and improving resistance in animals. In order to boost the immunity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) DNA vaccine, CpG motifs were inserted. In this study, the dose-effect was studied, and the immunity of PCV2 DNA vaccines by recombinant open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene and CpG motifs was evaluated.

Mutant Rep protein of the porcine circovirus type 2 N-glycosylation:23-25aa, 256-258aa mutation reduced virus replication but 286-288aa mutation enhanced virus replication in PK-15 cells.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Rep protein and the splice variant Rep' protein impact genome replication. The Rep protein contains three potential N-glycosylation at positions 23-25aa (NPS), 256-258aa (NQT) and 286-288aa (NAT). Three double copy infectious clones with Rep protein N-glycosylation at positions mutations 23-25aa (DPS), 256-258aa (DQT) and 286-288aa (DAT) were constructed and their function in virus replication in PK-15 cells was investigated.

Phylogenetic analysis of 32 porcine circovirus type 2 isolates from Shandong, China.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the essential causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), can be divided into distinct genotypes. Thirty-two PCV2 isolates obtained made from pigs in Shandong Province between 2005 and 2013. Complete genome sequences were obtained in three replicates for each virus isolate, and the sequences were submitted to the NCBI database.

Structural, antigenic, and evolutionary characterizations of the envelope protein of newly emerging Duck Tembusu Virus.

Since the first reported cases of ducks infected with a previously unknown flavivirus in eastern China in April 2010, the virus, provisionally designated Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV), has spread widely in domestic ducks in China and caused significant economic losses to poultry industry. In this study, we examined in detail structural, antigenic, and evolutionary properties of envelope (E) proteins of six DTMUV isolates spanning 2010-2012, each being isolated from individual farms with different geographical locations where disease outbreaks were documented. Structural analysis showed that E proteins of DTMUV and its closely related flavivirus (Japanese Encephalitis Virus) shared a conserved array of predicted functional domains and motifs.

Surveillance and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus in seafowl from coastal areas of China in 2011.

Four Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were obtained from 997 fecal and tissue samples were collected in 2011 from seafowl that included seagull, sea duck, and swan from the coastal areas of Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Shandong in China. These isolates (SD1, SD2, GD1, and JS1) were characterized for their pathogenicity according to their mean death time, intracerebral pathogenicity index and intravenous pathogenicity index. Full-length fusion protein genes containing the cleavage site were sequenced, and amino-acid sequences around the cleavage site were deduced.