Rotenone Induces Parkinsonism with Constipation Symptoms in Mice by Disrupting the Gut Microecosystem, Inhibiting the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway and Gastrointestinal Motility.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Constipation is a prodromal symptom of PD. It is important to investigate the pathogenesis of constipation symptoms in PD.

Machine learning: An effective tool for monitoring and ensuring food safety, quality, and nutrition.

The domains of food safety, quality, and nutrition are inundated with complex datasets. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool in food science, offering fast, accessible, and effective solutions compared with conventional methods. This review outlines the applications of ML in safeguarding food safety, enhancing quality, and unraveling nutrition intricacies.

Correlations Between Amelioration of Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Symptoms by Flavonoids and Gut Microbiota in Mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, but the existing therapeutic drugs for PD have limitations; thus, there is an urgent need to discover new methods of prevention and treatment. Crevost et Lemarie (AT) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine and food. Its main pharmacological effect is the regulation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Physicochemical Properties of Lam. Leaf Protein.

leaves represent a novel and nutritious food. Prior research has demonstrated that leaves can elicit allergic responses in BALB/c mice. Based on these findings, further studies were conducted to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the allergenicity, particle size, zeta potential, total sulfhydryl (TSH) content, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, ultraviolet spectrum, and intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of leaf protein.

Response of key nitrogen removal processes in estuarine salt marshes to different plant harvesting patterns varies significantly across different time scales.

Estuarine wetlands are crucial in mitigating eutrophication in estuarine waters through plant uptake and microbial transformation. Nitrogen is one of the main nutrients removed. However, without proper plant harvesting, the nitrogen absorbed by plants can return to the water as litter during autumn and winter, potentially causing secondary pollution.

Marek's disease virus-1 unique gene LORF1 is involved in viral replication and MDV-1/Md5-induced atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius.

Marek's disease virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus, causes severe immunosuppression and T cell lymphomas in chickens, known as Marek's disease (MD), an economically important poultry disease primarily controlled by vaccination. Importantly, it also serves as a comparative model for studying herpesvirus-induced tumor formation in humans. MDV encodes more than 100 genes, most of which have unknown functions.

Preparation of flavonoids from and evaluation of their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

is an important homologous medicinal and food plant, and its fruit is rich in flavonoids. However, few studies have reported the preparation and bioactivity of flavonoids in (ATF). In this study, the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of ATF were identified through response surface optimization.

An OMV-Based Nanovaccine as Antigen Presentation Signal Enhancer for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) process tumor vaccines and present tumor antigens as the first signals to T cells to activate anti-tumor immunity, which process requires the assistance of co-stimulatory second signals on APCs. The immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) not only mediates the immune escape of tumor cells but also acts as a co-inhibitory second signal on APCs. The serious dysfunction of second signals due to the high expression of PD-L1 on APCs in the tumor body results in the inefficiency of tumor vaccines.

Acupuncture and moxibustion as adjunctive therapy for postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in gastric cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of different acupuncture and moxibustion techniques as adjunctive therapy in addressing Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (PGD) associated with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: Eight medical databases were comprehensively searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as of October 2024. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using frequency models, combining all available direct and indirect evidence from RCTs.

A Potential Use of Vidarabine: Alleviation of Functional Constipation Through Modulation of the Adenosine A2A Receptor-MLC Signaling Pathway and the Gut Microbiota.

Vidarabine (VID) is an antiviral medication that is commonly utilized to treat conditions such as hand, foot, and mouth disease and herpes. Constipation is a prevalent complication of these diseases. Could VID treat these diseases by influencing defecation behavior? To date, no studies have been conducted on the potential of VID to relieve constipation.

Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter before and during pregnancy, and the risk of birth defects: A population-based study.

Although epidemiological evidence has linked maternal exposure to air pollution with adverse birth outcomes, the association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and the risk of total birth defects in highly polluted developing regions remains limited. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between maternal exposure to PM before and during pregnancy and the occurrence of birth defects. This study included 16,080 births with birth defects and 567,483 controls born between 2014 and 2019 in 14 cities in Liaoning Province, China.

Water-insoluble dietary fiber from walnut relieves constipation through Limosilactobacillus reuteri-mediated serotonergic synapse and neuroactive ligand-receptor pathways.

Dietary fiber can alleviate functional constipation (FC) by modulating the gut microbiota. To clarify the prebiotic properties of walnut insoluble dietary fiber (WIDF), we explored its structural characteristics and laxative mechanism. A galacturonic acid and glucose-rich WIDF was isolated from walnuts by using a complex enzymatic method.

Particle size is an important factor influencing the effects of biochar return to woodland soils: An evaluation from the perspective of sapling growth and soil microbial carbon processes.

Biochar can increase ecosystem carbon sequestration by promoting plant growth and stabilizing soil organic carbon (SOC). Biochar produced from forest waste typically varies in particle size and is frequently applied directly for soil enhancement without pulverization. The effects of different biochar particle sizes on sapling growth, woodland soil properties and microbial carbon processes are unclear.

Photoaging enhances the leaching of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and transformation products from polyvinyl chloride microplastics into aquatic environments.

Increasing chemical pollution is a threat to sustainable water resources worldwide. Plastics and harmful additives released from plastics add to this burden and might pose a risk to aquatic organisms, and human health. Phthalates, which are common plasticizers and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are released from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics and are a cause of concern.

Novel Anoxic-Anaerobic-Oxic process successfully enriched anammox bacteria under actual municipal wastewater.

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) exhibits promise for wastewater treatment,but the enrichment of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) in municipal wastewater treatment plants is a significant challenge. This study constructed a novel Anoxic-Anaerobic-Oxic (AAnO) process with a pure biofilm anoxic zone fed with actual fluctuating municipal wastewater and operated for six months to enrich AnAOB at ambient temperature. High-throughput sequencing (HTS), qPCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that AnAOB were successfully enriched in the anoxic biofilms, reaching 1.

Neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal stromal cells in mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease: The Mediating role of gut microbes and their metabolites via the Microbiome-Gut-Brain axis.

The intricacy and multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitate therapies that target multiple aspects of the disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerge as potential agents to mitigate AD symptoms; however, whether their therapeutic efficacy involves modulation of gut microbiota and the microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA) remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three distinct MSCs types-derived from the umbilical cord (UCMSC), dental pulp (SHED), and adipose tissue (ADSC)-in an APP/PS1 mouse model of AD.

Sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for rapid detection of Salmonella in milk using polydopamine/CoFe-MOFs@Nafion modified gold electrode.

Food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria poses a serious threat to human health. Consequently, we used Salmonella as a model and developed an electrochemical immunosensor based on a polydopamine/CoFe-MOFs@Nafion nanocomposite for the detection of Salmonella in milk. The CoFe-MOFs exhibit good stability, large specific surface area, and high porosity.

Ultra-Widefield and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study 7-Field Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Importance: High concordance in diabetic retinopathy (DR) outcomes between 7-field (7F) and ultra-widefield (UWF) images would allow for combining longitudinal assessments based on the 2 modalities both in clinical studies and clinical care.

Objective: To compare 7F and UWF imaging with regard to DR severity and the associations of DR severity with risk factors, such as hemoglobin A1c, age, diabetes duration, and sex.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study describes the outcomes of the randomized clinical Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and its subsequent observational study, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.

Water depth affects submersed macrophyte more than herbivorous snail in mesotrophic lakes.

Introduction: Water depth (WD) and snail abundance (SA) are two key factors affecting the growth of submersed aquatic plants in freshwater lake ecosystems. Changes in WD and SA drive changes in nutrients and other primary producers that may have direct or indirect effects on submersed plant growth, but which factor dominates the impact of both on aquatic plants has not been fully studied.

Methods: To investigate the dominant factors that influence aquatic plant growth in plateau lakes, a one-year field study was conducted to study the growth of three dominant submersed macrophyte (i.

Longitudinal Trajectories of Biomarkers of Kidney Tubular Function in Type 1 Diabetes.

Introduction: Tubular biomarkers may shed insight into progression of kidney tubulointerstitial pathology complementary to traditional measures of glomerular function and damage.

Methods: We examined trajectories of tubular biomarkers in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC Study) of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Biomarkers were measured in a subset of 220 participants across 7 time points over 26 years.

Intensive Glycemic Management Is Associated With Reduced Retinal Structure Abnormalities on Ocular Coherence Tomography in the DCCT/EDIC Study.

Objective: To investigate quantitative and qualitative changes in retinal structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and their associations with systemic or other risk factors in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: In the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, OCT images were obtained during study years 25-28 (2019-2022) in 937 participants; 54% and 46% were from the original intensive (INT) and conventional (CONV) glycemic management treatment groups, respectively.

Results: Average age for participants was 61 years old, diabetes duration 39 years, and HbA1c 7.

Advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in pilot-scale anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic system for municipal wastewater in Northern China.

Removing nitrogen and phosphorus from low ratio of chemical oxygen demand to total nitrogen and temperature municipal wastewater stays a challenge. In this study, a pilot-scale anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A/O/A-SBR) system first treated 15 m/d actual municipal wastewater at 8.1-26.

Associations of Kidney Tubular Biomarkers With Incident Macroalbuminuria and Sustained Low eGFR in DCCT/EDIC.

Objective: Tubulointerstitial injury contributes to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. We tested tubular biomarker associations with DKD development in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: We performed a case-cohort study examining associations of tubular biomarkers, measured across seven time points spanning ∼30 years, with incident macroalbuminuria ("severely elevated albuminuria," urinary albumin excretion rate [AER] ≥300 mg/day) and sustained low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (persistent eGFR <60 mL/min/1.