Sex-Dimorphic Differential Expression Profiles in the Brain of the Adult Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle, .

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle () is an economically important species in aquaculture, and its growth pattern is characterized by significant sexual dimorphism. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon have mostly been investigated in the gonadal tissues of , and there are no articles on sex differentiation from the brain of . Here, we analyzed transcriptomes of the brains of adult male and female using high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology, establishing a set of differential genes and differential transcription factors.

Integrated time-series biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal key metabolites and signaling pathways in the liver of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle () against infection.

Introduction: , a bacterium widely distributed in the natural environment, causes multiple diseases in various animals. Exploring the mechanism of the host defense against can help develop efficient strategies against infection.

Methods: Herein, we investigated the temporal influence of A.

Screening of temperature-responsive signalling molecules during sex differentiation in Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica).

Background: The Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) is an important commercial freshwater aquaculture species in China. This species is a highly sexually dimorphic species, with males growing at a faster rate than females and exhibits temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), in which the incubation temperature during embryonic development determines the sexual fate. However, the mechanisms of the sex determination or sex differentiation in the Asian yellow pond turtle are remain a mystery.

Whole-Genome Identification and Characterization of the DKK Gene Family and Its Transcription Profiles: An Analysis of the Chinese Soft-Shell Turtle ().

The DKK family is a canonical small family of WNT antagonists. Though recent studies have suggested that the DKK gene family may be involved in sex differentiation in , there are still a lot of things about the DKK gene family that we do not know. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to identify members of the DKK gene family in and analyzed their phylogeny, covariance, gene structure, structural domains, promoter conserved sites, signal peptides, gonadal transcription factors, transcriptional profiles, and tissue expression profiles.

Assessing and Screening of Female Fertility in Artificially Bred Asian Yellow Pond Turtles () Based on Parentage Assignment.

The Asian yellow pond turtle () is widely traded in China, and its artificial breeding has now become a major industry. However, the insufficient offspring supply and reproductive decline of farmed turtles make the wild turtles more vulnerable. The present study was mainly designed to quantify the fecundity of and attempt to screen for good reproductive performance in females.

Identification of Sex-Specific Markers and Candidate Genes Using WGS Sequencing Reveals a ZW-Type Sex-Determination System in the Chinese Soft-Shell Turtle ().

Male and female Chinese soft-shelled turtles () have sex-dimorphic growth patterns, and males have higher commercial value because of their larger size and thicker calipash. Thus, developing sex-specific markers is beneficial to studies on all-male breeding in . Here, we developed an accurate and efficient workflow for the screening of sex-specific sequences with ZW or XY sex determination systems.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the Asian giant softshell turtle Pelochelys cantorii.

The Asian giant softshell turtle Pelochelys cantorii is one of the largest aquatic turtles in China and has been designated a First Grade Protected Animal in China. To advance conservation research, a combination of Illumina short-read, PacBio long-read, and Hi-C scaffolding technologies was used to develop a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for P. cantorii.

Comparative genomic survey and functional analysis of DKKL1 during spermatogenesis in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis).

A feature of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is seasonal spermatogenesis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well clarified. Here, we firstly cloned and characterized P. sinensis DKKL1, and then performed comparative genomic studies, expression analysis, and functional validation.

Multi-Effects of Acute Salinity Stress on Osmoregulation, Physiological Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Apoptosis in .

Salinity stress can trigger a series of physiological changes. However, the mechanism underlying the response to acute salinity stress in remains poorly understood. In this study, osmoregulation, physiological metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis were examined over 96 h of acute salinity stress.

Exploring the relationship between environmental DNA concentration and biomass in Asian giant softshell turtle ().

In recent years, environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has become an accepted approach for investigating rare and endangered species because of its economic efficiency, high sensitivity, and non-invasiveness. The Asian giant softshell turtle () is a first-class protected aquatic animal in China, and traditional resource survey methods have not identified its natural populations for many years. In this study, primers and a TaqMan probe targeting were designed, reaction conditions were optimized, a standard curve was constructed using synthetic DNA, and an eDNA quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection method was established.

Single-Cell Atlas Reveals the Hemocyte Subpopulations and Stress Responses in Asian Giant Softshell Turtle during Hibernation.

Hibernation in turtle species is an adaptive survival strategy to colder winter conditions or food restrictions. However, the mechanisms underlying seasonal adaptions remain unclear. In the present study, we collected hemocytes from and compared the molecular signature of these cells between the active state and hibernation period based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis.

Chromosome-Level Analysis of the Genome Provides Insights to Its Immunity, Growth and Longevity.

The Asian giant soft-shelled turtle, (Trionychidae), is one of the largest aquatic turtles in China and was designated as a First-Grade Protected Animal in China in 1989. Previous investigation based on a combination of Illumina short-read, PacBio long-read and Hi-C scaffolding technologies acquired a high-quality chromosome-level genome of . In this study, comparative genomic analysis between and 16 other vertebrate genomes indicated that turtles separated from the ancestor of archosaurians approximately 256.

Reproductive Output Reveals the Maternal Effects on Offspring Size-Number Trade-Off in Cultured Asian Yellow Pond Turtle ().

Offspring size-number trade-off is a critical component of life-history theory and is important for further understanding the reproductive strategies of animals. The relationship between this trade-off and maternal size has been explored in several turtle species, except for the Asian yellow pond turtle, . To investigate how the maternal condition affects offspring size and number, we explored the relationships among the maternal body size and the number and size of cultured hatchlings using a 4-year dataset.

Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene family in chinese soft-shell turtle ().

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a crucial role in bone formation and differentiation. Recent RNA-Seq results suggest that BMPs may be involved in the sex differentiation of , yet more relevant studies about BMPs in are lacking. Herein, we identified BMP gene family members, analyzed the phylogeny, collinear relationship, scaffold localization, gene structures, protein structures, transcription factors and dimorphic expression by using bioinformatic methods based on genomic and transcriptomic data of .

Conservation Genetics of the Asian Giant Soft-Shelled Turtle with Novel Microsatellite Multiplexes.

To understand the genetic structure of the protected turtle species we used transcriptome data to design more than 30,000 tri- and tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite primer pairs, of which 230 pairs were used for laboratory experiments. After two screenings, only 10 microsatellite markers with good specificity, high amplification efficiency, and polymorphisms were obtained. Using the selected primers, two multiplex PCR systems were established to compare and analyze the genetic diversity of artificially assisted breeding generations from four parents (two females and two males) continuously bred over two years.

Characterization of the In Vitro Cultured Ovarian Cells in the Asian Yellow Pond Turtle ().

Gonadal cell lines possess the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, being used as an efficient tool to analyzing the genes' functions involved in sex differentiation and gametogenesis. Although some significant achievements have been obtained in the gonadal cells' culture or manipulation across multiple phyla including teleost and mammals, there is limited study on gonadal cell manipulation in turtles. In this study, we established a new ovarian cell line from the young Asian yellow pond turtle (), which exhibited a normal diploid karyotype with high alkaline phosphatase activity.

Status and Analysis of Artificial Breeding and Management of Aquatic Turtles in China.

China is a major country in turtle cultivation and has a long history of artificial breeding of turtles. In this study, a census and statistical analysis of artificially domesticated aquatic turtles in 15 provinces of China were conducted. The results showed that 29 species were aquatic turtles native to China, accounting for approximately 9% of the world's total, and a large number of exotic aquatic turtles are also domesticated in China.

Expression and Characterization of the Gene and Its Response to E2/MT Treatment in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ().

Spats1 (spermatogenesis-associated, serinerich 1) has been characterized as a male-biased gene which acts an important role in the germ cell differentiation of mammals. Nevertheless, the function of Spats1 in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (P. sinensis) has not yet been reported.

Temporal variation in DNA methylation during gonadal development in a reptile with temperature-dependent sex determination†.

DNA methylation plays a significant role in transducing external environmental signals to a cellular response in reptiles; however, whether the methylation patterns are conserved across species remains unclear. Here, we examined the genome-wide DNA methylation differentiation between male and female hatchling gonads of the temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) Mauremys mutica (M. mutica) using methylation-dependent restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (MethylRAD-seq) to test differentially methylated genes underlying sexual development.

Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Gender Dimorphic Expressions of Mrnas and Non-Coding Rnas in Chinese Soft-Shell Turtle ().

In aquaculture, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle () is an economically important species with remarkable gender dimorphism in its growth patterns. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been elucidated well. Here, we conducted a whole-transcriptome analysis of the female and male gonads of .

Restoring Genetic Resource through In Vitro Culturing Testicular Cells from the Cryo-Preserved Tissue of the American Shad ().

Germ cells, as opposed to somatic cells, can transmit heredity information between generations. Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of germ cells are key techniques for genetic resource preservation and cellular engineering breeding. In this study, two types of cryopreserved samples, namely testis pieces and testicular cells of American shad, were comparatively analyzed for cell viability.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Response to Salinity Challenge in Larvae of the Giant Freshwater Prawn .

Salinity is a crucial factor influencing the growth, development, immunity, and reproduction of aquatic organisms; however, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the response to salinity challenge in larvae of the giant freshwater prawn . Herein, larvae cultured in three treatment groups with salinities of 10, 13, and 16‰ (S10, S13, and S16) were collected, and then transcriptome analysis was conducted by RNA-seq. A total of 6,473, 3,830 and 3,584 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the S10 vs.

The Seasonal and Stage-Specific Expression Patterns of HMGB2 Suggest Its Key Role in Spermatogenesis in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis).

HMGB2, a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) proteins, was identified as a male-biased gene and plays a crucial role in the germ cells differentiation of mammals. However, its role in spermatogenesis of turtle is still poorly understood. Here, we cloned the Pelodiscus sinensis HMGB2 and analyzed its expression profile in different tissues and in testis at different developmental ages.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) with temperature-dependent sex determination system.

Knowledge of sex determination has important implications in physiology, ecology and genetics, but the evolutionary mechanisms of sex determination systems in turtles have not been fully elucidated, due to a lack of reference genomes. Here, we generate a high-quality genome assembly of Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) using continuous long-read (PacBio platform), Illumina, and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies. The M.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Sauvage 1878) (Siluriformes, Pangasiidae).

The striped catfish, (Sauvage 1878), belongs to the family Pangasiidae, is an important economic freshwater species. We determined the complete mitogenome of the through sanger method. The complete mitochondrial genome of was a circular molecule of 16,469 bp with a total GC content of 44% which contains 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNAs genes.