Global, regional, and national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be a significant issue, leading to premature death or reduced quality of life. It's important to assess the current burden of COPD and its risk factors on a geographical basis to guide health policy.

Methods: Data on the prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to COPD, and risk-attributable burden were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 database.

Quercetin alleviates thermal and cold hyperalgesia in a rat neuropathic pain model by inhibiting Toll-like receptor signaling.

Neuropathic pain is caused by lesion or disease of the nervous system, which results in abnormal spontaneous and evoked pain. It's common in clinical practice and greatly impairs the life quality of patients, but the effective treatment is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of quercetin (QUE) on neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanisms.