Dual chalcogenide coordination engineering on a self-supported alloy electrode for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.

The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds substantial promise for large-scale green hydrogen production due to its cost-effectiveness, high performance, and scalability for repeated implementation. A promising strategy that involves a novel transition-metal chalcogenide with a self-supported framework can improve the reaction kinetics in the HER. We synthesize a nano three-dimensional self-supported HER catalyst a straightforward one-step chemical vapor deposition process.

Characterization and comparison of flavors in fresh and aged fermented peppers: Impact of different varieties.

The flavor profiles of fresh and aged fermented peppers obtained from four varieties were thoroughly compared in this study. A total of 385 volatile compounds in fermented pepper samples were detected by flavoromics (two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry). As fermentation progressed, both the number and the total concentration of volatile compounds changed, with esters, alcohols, acids, terpenoids, sulfur compounds, and funans increasing, whereas hydrocarbons and benzenes decreased.

Characterisation of flavour profiles and microbial communities of fermented peppers with different fermentation years by combining flavouromics and metagenomics.

The changes in flavours, volatile aromas and microbial communities of fermented peppers with different fermentation years and their relationships were investigated in this study. Results indicated a gradual increase in organic acids during fermentation, whereas free amino acids and capsaicinoids reached stability after 1 year of fermentation. Overall, the analysis detected 340 volatile compounds in fermented peppers and regarded 69 of them as differential compounds.

Genetic evidence of population subdivision among Masai giraffes separated by the Gregory Rift Valley in Tanzania.

The Masai giraffe has experienced a population decline from 70,000 to 35,000 in the past three decades and was declared an endangered subspecies by the IUCN in 2019. The remaining number of Masai giraffe are geographically separated by the steep cliffs of the Gregory Rift escarpments (GRE) in Tanzania and Kenya dividing them into two populations, one west and one east of the GRE. The cliffs of the GRE are formidable barriers to east-west dispersal and gene flow and the few remaining natural corridors through the GRE are occupied by human settlements.

A modified 3D stereophotogrammetry-based distraction test for assessing lower eyelid tension.

Aim: To investigate the reliability of a modified three-dimensional distraction test (3D-DT) and three-dimensional pinch test (3D-PT) for assessing lower eyelid tension (LET).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 97 volunteers including 97 eyelids with no history of trauma, tumor, or reconstructive surgeries. Six three-dimensional photographs were acquired for each participant, including two photographs obtained in a neutral position (NP), two using a modified 3D-DT with a 15.

Reproducibility of Three-Dimensional Volumetric Measurement of Periocular Tumor Models.

Introduction: In this study, we measured the volume of customized tumor models in the periocular area using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry and evaluated the reproducibility of these measurements.

Methods: Five tumor models of different colors and sizes were placed in different periocular positions, and 3D facial images were obtained from 68 healthy adult volunteers. Subsequently, the volumes of the tumor models were measured, and the intra- and interrater reproducibility was assessed.

Age-related changes of the periocular morphology: a two- and three-dimensional anthropometry study in Caucasians.

Purpose: To determine age-and sex-related changes in periocular morphology in Caucasians using a standardized protocol.

Methods: Healthy Caucasian volunteers aged 18-35 and 60-90 years old were recruited from the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, between October 2018 and May 2020. Volunteers with facial asymmetry, facial deformities, history of facial trauma, facial surgery, botox injection, eyelid ptosis, strabismus, or nystagmus, were excluded.

Icaritin attenuates 6-OHDA-induced MN9D cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress.

Background: We assessed whether ICT can alleviate 6-OHDA-induced cell damage inhibition of oxidative stress by evaluating the protective effect of icaritin (ICT) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced MN9D cell damage and further determined the mechanism by which ICT reduces oxidative stress.

Methods: MN9D cells were treated with 6-OHDA, to study the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of ICT. MN9D cell damage was assessed by the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry was performed to measure the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit was used to evaluate SOD activity, and Western blotting was used to measure the expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn), Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

Validation of the Portable Next-Generation VECTRA H2 3D Imaging System for Periocular Anthropometry.

Purpose: Portable three-dimensional imaging systems are becoming increasingly common for facial measurement analysis. However, the reliability of portable devices may be affected by the necessity to take three pictures at three time points. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of portable devices for assessing the periocular region.

Epiglottic Cyst With Slurred Speech Misdiagnosed as Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report.

Introduction: Epiglottic cysts are cysts that occur under the mucosa of the epiglottis. Patients with severe cysts may have difficulty in breathing. Slurred speech usually occurs in cerebrovascular diseases, especially with slurred speech as the starting symptom.

Digital Photogrammetry for Assessing Medial Canthal Tendon Laxity: Novel Standardized Three-Dimensional Versus Traditional Two-Dimensional Lateral Distraction Test.

Purpose: Few studies quantitatively investigated the degree of medial canthal tendon (MCT) laxity using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotography as two-dimensional (2D) imaging systems are still widely used in periocular anthropometry. Hence, in this study, we aimed to compare 2D and 3D technique in assessing MCT laxity and to investigate the correlation between them.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly recruited healthy volunteers with no history of eyelid disease and surgery.

Mapping research trends of uveal melanoma: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: To explore the research trends for uveal melanoma with bibliometric methods using Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and PubMed (PM).

Methods: To find UM-related studies, "uveal melanoma" was used as search term in the WoSCC and PM for the period time from 2000 to 2020. Bibliographic coupling analysis was used to investigate the journals with the highest number of UM-related publications.

Lateral tarsal strip procedure for involutional ectropion: A retrospective analysis of 85 cases and a comprehensive literature review.

Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative effect of the lateral tarsal strip (LTS) procedure in treating lower eyelid involutional ectropion.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 85 eyelids in 67 patients with involutional ectropion who underwent LTS procedure. Pre- and postoperative lower eyelid laxity and ocular symptoms as well as perioperative complications were evaluated.

FA/MA Cation Exchange for Efficient and Reproducible Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Nontoxic tin-based perovskite solar cells (Sn-PSCs) as a promising alternative to toxic Pb-PSCs have drawn great attention in recent years for their environmental friendliness and unique optoelectronic properties. However, both the efficiency and long-term stability of Sn-PSCs are considerably inferior to those of Pb-based ones. One of the main reasons is the difficulty in obtaining high-quality Sn-perovskite films due to the rapid crystallization of Sn-perovskites, which also results in poor device reproducibility.

A novel standardized distraction test to evaluate lower eyelid tension using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry.

Background: Standardized pre-operative assessment of the lower eyelid tension is essential to determine the optimal surgical technique. However, quantitative analysis using the conventional distraction test is inaccurate and user-dependent. Our purpose was to introduce a novel, standardized three-dimensional distraction test for measuring lower eyelid tension and to determine its standard values in a Caucasian population.

Standardized Three-Dimensional Lateral Distraction Test: Its Reliability to Assess Medial Canthal Tendon Laxity.

Background: Assessment of MCT laxity is critical to the surgery options. Our study aimed to analyze the reliability of measuring medial canthal tendon (MCT) laxity by using a novel standardized three-dimensional lateral distraction test (3D-LDT).

Methods: Forty-eight Caucasian volunteers (25 males and 23 females, 96 eyes) between 22 and 84 years of age (55.

A Systematic Review of the Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Methods for Macular Coloboma.

: To present the clinical features of and diagnostic methods used for macular coloboma (MC), and to analyze the factors associated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with MC.: A systematic review using the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane databases was performed. The factors associated with BCVA were analyzed.

Reliability of Stereophotogrammetry for Area Measurement in the Periocular Region.

Three-dimensional (3D) stereophotography area measurements are essential for describing morphology in the periocular region. However, its reliability has not yet been sufficiently validated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 3D stereophotogrammetric area measurements in the periocular region.

Gene therapy conversion of striatal astrocytes into GABAergic neurons in mouse models of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by Huntingtin (Htt) gene mutation resulting in the loss of striatal GABAergic neurons and motor functional deficits. We report here an in vivo cell conversion technology to reprogram striatal astrocytes into GABAergic neurons in both R6/2 and YAC128 HD mouse models through AAV-mediated ectopic expression of NeuroD1 and Dlx2 transcription factors. We found that the astrocyte-to-neuron (AtN) conversion rate reached 80% in the striatum and >50% of the converted neurons were DARPP32 medium spiny neurons.

Reliability of Periocular Anthropometry: A Comparison of Direct, 2-Dimensional, and 3-Dimensional Techniques.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has become increasingly popular in aesthetic surgery. However, few studies have emphasized its application in the periocular region.

Objective: To provide evidence supporting the reliability of generalizing periocular measurements obtained using caliper-derived direct anthropometry and 2-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry to 3D stereophotogrammetry.

Reliability of periocular anthropometry using three-dimensional digital stereophotogrammetry.

Purpose: Non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry is becoming increasingly popular in many fields. However, few studies have focused on its periocular application. We aimed to provide evidence for the periocular application of a novel anthropometric procedure using 3D stereophotogrammetry by evaluating its reliability.

Chemical Conversion of Human Fetal Astrocytes into Neurons through Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways.

We have previously developed a cocktail of nine small molecules to convert human fetal astrocytes into neurons, but a nine-molecule recipe is difficult for clinical applications. Here, we identify a chemical formula with only three to four small molecules for astrocyte-to-neuron conversion. We demonstrate that modulation of three to four signaling pathways among Notch, glycogen synthase kinase 3, transforming growth factor β, and bone morphogenetic protein pathways is sufficient to change an astrocyte into a neuron.

Hierarchical core-shell CoMnO@MnO nanoneedle arrays for high-performance supercapacitors.

Hierarchical mesoporous core-shell CoMnO@MnO nanoneedle arrays on nickel foam have been manufactured via a two-step hydrothermal process. Electrochemical performances of the CoMnO@MnO nanomaterials have been tested for supercapacitors and demonstrated outstanding properties. The CoMnO@MnO electrode delivers a specific capacitance of 2126 F g at a current density of 1 A g in 2 M KOH aqueous solution and also shows an excellent cycling stability, which retains 94.