Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of an Outbreak on Respiratory Virus Coinfection in Gansu, China.

This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of an outbreak primarily caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in a kindergarten and primary school. The outbreak was investigated by field epidemiological investigation, and the common respiratory pathogens were screened by RT-PCR detection technology. The attack rate of this outbreak was 63.

Detection and Characterization of Bacterial and Viral Acute Gastroenteritis among Outpatient Children under 5 Years Old in Guangzhou, China.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children can be attributed to a multitude of bacterial and viral pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of bacterial and viral AGE in children and to compare clinical characteristics between single and multiple enteric pathogen infections. A total of 456 stool samples were collected from outpatient children under 5 years old with AGE, which were subsequently analyzed for nine bacteria and three viruses using the Luminex xTAG® Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel.

Steamed and its Saponins Inhibit the Migration and Induce the Apoptosis of Neutrophils in a Zebrafish Tail-Fin Amputation Model.

(PN) is a Chinese medicinal herb that is traditionally used to treat inflammation and immune-related diseases. Its major active constituents are saponins, the types and levels of which can be changed in the process of steaming. These differences in saponins are causally relevant to the differences in the therapeutic efficacies of raw and steamed PN.

Market access for Chinese herbal medicinal products in Europe-A ten-year review of relevant products, policies, and challenges.

Background: With increased consumer demand in Europe for natural and efficacious health products, the use of herbal products in the market is rising. Products of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) could greatly expand European consumer options; however, only seven herbal medicinal products (HMPs) based on CHM formulae have been registered in the European Union (EU) since 2012.

Purpose: This study reviews the ten-year registration status of HMPs based on CHM formulae in Europe and identifies major challenges and possible solutions for pharmaceutical companies seeking market access for new HMPs.

Steamed Panax notoginseng attenuates renal anemia in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax notoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H.

Detection and characterization of human astrovirus and sapovirus in outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Guangzhou, China.

Background: Human astrovirus (HAstV) and sapovirus (SaV) are common pathogens that can cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE). However, very few studies have reported the molecular epidemiology and clinical information on HAstV and SaV in China. This study aims to determine the molecular epidemiology and clinical features of HAstV and SaV in patients with AGE in Guangzhou, China.

[Personality and psychological characteristics of premature ejaculation patients].

Objective: To investigate the personality and psychological characteristics of premature ejaculation (PE) patients and the correlation between them two.

Methods: Using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), we conducted an investigation among 94 PE patients seeking medical advice in Drum Tower Hospital from October 2018 to February 2019.

Results: The neuroticism score of the PE patients on EPQ was significantly higher than the national norm of adult males (t = 12.

[Aging-related change of erectile function and the expression of SIRT1].

Objective: To explore aging-related changes in erectile function and the expressions of SIRT1 and other relevant factors in rats.

Methods: We divided 40 male SD rats into four age groups of equal number: 2-month-old (2 mo), 8-month-old (8 mo), 14-month-old (14 mo), and 20-month-old (20 mo), measured the intracavernous pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and ICP/MAP ratio by electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve, evaluated fibrosis in the corpus cavernosum by Masson's trichrome staining, detected the expressions of SIRT1, P53, and FOXO3a by Western blot, and determined the levels of NO and cGMP using the NO/cGMP kit.

Results: Both the ICP/MAP ratio and the cGMP level were elevated with aging, reaching the peak at 8 months and then gradually decreased.

Structural and Functional Characterization of a Cross-Reactive Dengue Virus Neutralizing Antibody that Recognizes a Cryptic Epitope.

Understanding the molecular basis of the neutralizing antibody response to dengue virus (DENV) is an essential component in the design and development of effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Here we present the structure of a cross-reactive, neutralizing antibody, 3E31, in complex with domain III (DIII) of the DENV envelope (E) protein and reveal a conserved, temperature-sensitive, cryptic epitope on DIII that is not available in any of the known conformations of E on the dengue virion. We observed that 3E31 inhibits E-mediated membrane fusion, suggesting that the antibody is able to neutralize virus through binding an as-yet uncharacterized intermediate conformation of DENV E and sterically block trimer formation.

Inhibition of penile tunica albuginea myofibroblasts activity by adipose-derived stem cells.

The activation of tunica albuginea myofibroblasts (MFs) serves an essential role in Peyronie's disease (PD). Increasing evidence has reported that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been demonstrated to attenuate the symptoms of PD in animal models. However, the mechanisms of the antifibrotic effects of ADSCs in PD remain to be fully elucidated.

Repeated Micro-Trauma of the Penile Tunica Albuginea: A New Animal Model of Peyronie's Disease.

Objectives: To compare effects of repairing injured tunica albuginea (PTA) of rat penis by single or repeated local injections of chlorhexidine ethanol (ChE) into the PTA and to establish a new animal model of Peyronie's disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: Forty-two rats were divided into 7 groups. Rats either served as the normal control group with 1-5 injections of 0.

Meiotic defects and decreased expression of genes located around the chromosomal breakpoint in the testis of a patient with a novel 46,X,t(Y;1)(p11.3;p31) translocation.

Balanced translocations are known to be associated with infertility, spontaneous abortions and birth defects in mammals. Spermatocyte spreading and immunostaining were applied to detect meiotic prophase I progression, homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis and recombination in an azoospermic reciprocal translocation 46,X,t(Y;1)(p11.3;p31) carrier.

Fatal Community-acquired Pneumonia in Children Caused by Re-emergent Human Adenovirus 7d Associated with Higher Severity of Illness and Fatality Rate.

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious pathogens causing acute respiratory disease (ARD), such as community-acquired pneumonia. HAdV-7d, a re-emergent genomic variant, has been recently reported in Asia and the United States after a several-decade absence. However, whether HAdV-7d is associated with higher severity than other types is currently unclear.

Functional properties of DENV EDIII‑reactive antibodies in human DENV‑1‑infected sera and rabbit antiserum to EDIII.

The envelope domain III (EDIII) of the dengue virus (DENV) has been confirmed to be involved in receptor binding. It is the target of specific neutralizing antibodies, and is considered to be a promising subunit dengue vaccine candidate. However, several recent studies have shown that anti‑EDIII antibodies contribute little to the neutralizing or enhancing ability of human DENV‑infected serum.

A comparison of Luminex xTAG® Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (xTAG GPP) and routine tests for the detection of enteropathogens circulating in Southern China.

To investigate whether Luminex xTAG® Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (xTAG GPP) is applicable for the diagnosis of diarrhea and surveillance of enteropathogens circulating in Southern China, 290 stool samples were tested for 15 kinds of enteropathogens using xTAG GPP and compared to the results from the routine tests, including culture; immunochromatography; real-time PCR; microscopy; and a third method, gene sequencing. One hundred fifty-nine samples were positive, yielding a total of 181 enteropathogens (69 bacteria and 112 viruses), with rotavirus being most prevalent (39.0%, 62/159).

Development of a double antibody sandwich ELISA for West Nile virus detection using monoclonal antibodies against non-structural protein 1.

The early diagnosis of West Nile virus (WNV) infection is important for successful clinical management and epidemiological control. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of flavivirus, a highly conserved and secreted glycoprotein, is abundant in the serum of flavivirus-infected patients and represents a useful early diagnostic marker. We developed a WNV-specific NS1 antigen-capture ELISA using two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognised distinct epitopes of the NS1 protein of WNV as capture and detection antibodies.

Characterization of the antigenicity of Cpl1, a surface protein of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is an important fungal pathogen. The capsule is a well established virulence factor and a target site for diagnostic tests.

[Combination of acupressure and magnetic sticker improved the quality of life in patients with advanced gastroenteric tumor: a clinical observation].

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of combination of acupressure and magnetic sticker on the quality of life (QOL) including appetite, defecation, and sleep in patients with advanced gastroenteric tumor.

Methods: Totally 147 patients with advanced gastroenteric tumor were assigned to 4 groups according to different treatment methods, i.e.

Nephrotic syndrome in hand, foot and mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A16: a case report.

Some viruses, including certain members of the enterovirus genus, have been reported to cause nephrotic syndrome. However, no case of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16)-related nephrotic syndrome has been reported so far. We describe a case of CVA16-related hand, foot and mouth disease presenting with nephrotic syndrome in a 3-year-old boy.

The absence of exanthema is related with death and illness severity in acute enterovirus infection.

Objective: To clarify whether exanthema is related to illness severity in acute enterovirus infection in children.

Methods: The data of pediatric inpatients at Zhujiang Hospital during 2009-2012 with an acute enterovirus infection were reviewed retrospectively. Enterovirus infection was determined by real-time reverse transcription PCR.

[Establishment and evaluation of a double antibody sandwich ELISA to detect Csa2 protein of Candida albicans].

Objective: To establish a double antibody sandwich ELISA for detecting Csa2 protein in Candida albicans infection and evaluate its specificity and sensitivity.

Methods: A recombinant expression vector pPIC9K-Csa2 was constructed and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115. A large-scale expression of recombinant Csa2 protein (rCsa2) was optimized using methanol, and the protein was purified in P.

NS1-based tests with diagnostic utility for confirming dengue infection: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: Non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-based tests may offer a larger window of opportunity for dengue diagnosis and could constitute a very useful diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to establish the overall accuracy of NS1-based tests for diagnosing dengue infection.

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted including 18 studies published up to October 1, 2012 identified using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database.

[Double-antigen sandwich ELISA for detecting Aspergillus fumigatus anti-Afmp1cr and Afmp2cr antibodies].

Objective: To establish two double-antigen sandwich ELISA systems to detect anti-Afmp1cr and Afmp2cr antibodies of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Methods: Recombinant Afmp1cr and Afmp2cr proteins of A.fumigatus expressed in Pichia pastoris were obtained.

Comparison of MALDI-TOF MS, gene sequencing and the Vitek 2 for identification of seventy-three clinical isolates of enteropathogens.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the analytical and practical performance of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) compared to the sequencing method and the Vitek 2 system for identification of enteropathogens in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Methods: Ten type strains and 73 clinical isolates of enteropathogens representing eight genera were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. All isolates were also characterized by gene sequencing allowing interpretation of the results from MALDI-TOF MS.