Insights into gut microbiota communities of Poecilobdella manillensis, a prevalent Asian medicinal leech.

Aims: Medicinal leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) are fresh water ectoparasitic species which have been applied as traditional therapy. However, gut microbiota could bring high risks of opportunistic infections after leeching and arouses great interests. Here, gut bacterial and fungal communities of an Asian prevalent leech Poecilobdella manillensis were characterized and analysed through culture-independent sequencing.

Heterocornols from the Sponge-Derived Fungus with Anti-Inflammatory Activity.

One strain-many compounds (OSMAC) manipulation of the sponge-derived fungus XWS03F09 resulted in the production of new secondary metabolites. The chemical study of the fermentation, cultivated on 3% artificial sea salt in the rice media, led to the isolation of twelve compounds, including eight new polyketide derivatives, heterocornols Q-X (-), one new ceramide (), and three known analogues (-). The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and calculated ECD analysis.

New cytotoxic natural products from the marine sponge-derived fungus sp. by epigenetic modification.

Four new polyketide derivatives, pestalotiopols A-D (1-4), together with seven known compounds (5-11), were isolated from a chemical-epigenetic culture of sp. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds (1-4) were determined by spectroscopic analyses, Mo-induced CD, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All the isolated compounds (1-11) were tested for their cytotoxic activities.

Violacin A, a new chromanone produced by Streptomyces violaceoruber and its anti-inflammatory activity.

A new chromanone derivative, named violacin A (1), was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces violaceoruber as a potential anti-inflammatory compound. The structure of violacin A was established using comprehensive NMR spectroscopic data analysis together with UV, IR, and MS data. The anti-inflammatory effects and action mechanisms of violacin A were investigated in vitro.

New anti-inflammatory metabolites produced by Streptomyces violaceoruber isolated from Equus burchelli feces.

Three new metabolites (2-4), together with one known compound, GTRI-02, (1) were isolated from a fermentation broth of Streptomyces violaceoruber derived from Equus burchelli feces. The structures of the new compounds 2-4 were established using comprehensive NMR spectroscopic data analysis as well as UV, IR and MS data. The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1-4 was tested by examining their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.

Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Liver Protection of Alisol F and 25-Anhydroalisol F through the Inhibition of MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB Activation In Vitro and In Vivo.

Alisol F and 25-anhydroalisol F isolated from , were proved to exhibit anti-inflammatory potential in our previous work. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects and action mechanisms of alisol F and 25-anhydroalisol F were investigated in vitro. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of alisol F in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-gal)-induced acute liver-injured mice were evaluated.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects, SAR, and Action Mechanism of Monoterpenoids from Radix Paeoniae Alba on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells.

Nine monoterpenoids from , including paeoniflorin derivatives, paeoniflorin (PF), 4--methylpaeoniflorin (MPF), 4--methylbenzoylpaeoniflorin (MBPF); paeonidanin derivatives, paeonidanin (PD), paeonidanin A (PDA), albiflorin derivatives, albiflorin (AF), benzoylalbiflorin (BAF), galloylalbiflorin (GAF), and debenzoylalbiflorin (DAF), were obtained in our previous phytochemistry investigations. Their anti-inflammatory effects were determined in the present study. The expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.

Cytotoxic Fusicoccane-Type Diterpenoids from Streptomyces violascens Isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca Feces.

Six new fusicoccane-type diterpenoids (2-7) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces violascens, which was isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) feces. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 5-7 demonstrated cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC values ranging from 3.

Structures and biological activities of the triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids from Alisma orientale.

Sixteen triterpenoids and nine sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the rhizome of Alisma orientale. Structures of 16-oxo-11-anhydroalisol A 24-acetate, 13β,17β-epoxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-alisol A 23-oic acid, 1αH,5αH-guaia-6-ene-4β,10β-diol, and alisguaiaone were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. The cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of isolated terpenoids were evaluated.

Cytotoxic Activities, SAR and Anti-Invasion Effects of Butylphthalide Derivatives on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC7721 Cells.

A series of butylphthalide derivatives (BPDs) 1-8 were isolated from the extract of the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae). The cytotoxic activities of BPDs 1-8 were evaluated using a panel of human cancer cell lines.

Multiple gene genealogical analyses of a nematophagous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus from China.

Paecilomyces lilacinus is a geographically widespread nematophagous fungus and a promising biological control agent against plant parasitic nematodes. However, relatively little is known about its patterns of genetic variation through its broad geographic and ecological contexts. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation of 2 virulence-associated genes (PLS and PLC) and 4 housekeeping gene fragments (ITS, RPB1, RPB2, and β-tubulin) among 80 P.