[Mechanisms of moxibustion preconditioning underlying improving learning-memory ability by regulating polarization of microglia via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in AD rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of moxibustion preconditioning on learning-memory ability, Toll like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signal pathway related proteins and microglia in rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD), so as to explore its possible mechanisms underlying improvement of AD.

Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, sham operation, AD model and pre-moxibustion groups, with 9 rats in each group. Moxibustion was applied to "Baihui"(GV20), "Shenshu"(BL23) and "Zusanli"(ST36) for 15 min, once daily, 6 days as a course of treatment for 3 courses.

Genome-wide analyses of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES in cassava reveal the role of LBD47 in defence against bacterial blight.

The Arabidopsis thaliana ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) gene is responsible for the development of flat, symmetric, and extended leaf laminae and their veins. The AS2 gene belongs to the plant-specific AS2-LIKE/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB)-domain (ASL/LBD), which consists of 42 proteins in Arabidopsis with a conserved amino-terminal domain known as the AS2/LOB domain, and a variable carboxyl-terminal region. AS2/LOB domain consists of an amino-terminal (N-terminal) that contains a cysteine repeat (the C-motif), a conserved glycine residue, and a leucine-zipper-like.

regulates lignin accumulation to shape cassava resistance against two-spotted spider mite.

Introduction: The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) is a devastating pest of cassava production in China. Lignin is considered as an important defensive barrier against pests and diseases, several genes participate in lignin biosynthesis, however, how these genes modulate lignin accumulation in cassava and shape TSSM-resistance is largely unknown.

Methods: To fill this knowledge gap, while under TSSM infestation, the cassava lignin biosynthesis related genes were subjected to expression pattern analysis followed by family identification, and genes with significant induction were used for further function exploration.

Exogenous methyl jasmonate induced cassava defense response and enhanced resistance to Tetranychus urticae.

Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could activate plant defense response against the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, in different plants. However, whether MeJA can also serve as an elicitor in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) remains unknown. In this study, induced defense responses were investigated in TSSM-resistant cassava variety C1115 and TSSM-susceptible cassava variety KU50 when applied with MeJA.

Identification of cassava germplasms resistant to two-spotted spider mite in China: From greenhouse large-scale screening to field validation.

Introduction: Utilization of resistant germplasm is considered as an effective, economical and eco-friendly strategy for cassava pest management. , known as the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), is a devastating pest in Asian cassava planting countries as well as in China. However, the resistant levels of abundant cassava germplasms to TSSM remains largely unknown.

Overexpression of leucoanthocyanidin reductase or anthocyanidin reductase elevates tannins content and confers cassava resistance to two-spotted spider mite.

The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) is a destructive cassava pest. Intensive demonstration of resistance mechanism greatly facilitates the creation of TSSM-resistant cassava germplasm. Gene to metabolite network plays a crucial role in modulating plant resistance, but little is known about the genes and related metabolites which are responsible for cassava resistance to TSSM.