Concurrent ozone and high temperature exacerbates nasal epithelial barrier damage in allergic rhinitis mice: Insights from the nasal transcriptome and nasal microbiota.

The global ambient temperature has been rising in recent decades and high temperature is usually accompanied by ozone (O) pollution. Environmental change is an underlying factor for the increased prevalence of respiratory allergic disease. However, the potential mechanisms are complex and remain elusive.

The electrochemical mechanism of biochar for mediating the product ratio of NO/(NO + N) in the denitrification process.

The biochar electrochemical properties and surface functional groups significantly impact NO production and reduction during denitrification process. However, its effects on NO emissions during the denitrification process and its electrochemical mechanisms remain unclear. The study examined the impact of pristine and oxidized biochar combined with two types of nitrogen fertilizers on the NO/(NO + N) ratio and NO emissions in an incubation experiment with seven treatments: (1) CK (no application of chemical fertilizer); (2) N (applying (NH)SO); (3) NB ((NH)SO + pristine biochar); (4) NB ((NH)SO + oxidized biochar); (5) N (applying KNO); (6) NB (KNO + pristine biochar); (7) NB (KNO + oxidized biochar).

Tumor-specific enhanced NIR-II photoacoustic imaging via photothermal and low-pH coactivated AuNR@PNIPAM-VAA nanogel.

Background: Properly designed second near-infrared (NIR-II) nanoplatform that is responsive tumor microenvironment can intelligently distinguish between normal and cancerous tissues to achieve better targeting efficiency. Conventional photoacoustic nanoprobes are always "on", and tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoprobe can minimize the influence of endogenous chromophore background signals. Therefore, the development of nanoprobe that can respond to internal tumor microenvironment and external stimulus shows great application potential for the photoacoustic diagnosis of tumor.

The Prevalence of Marine Lipophilic Phycotoxins Causes Potential Risks in a Tropical Small Island Developing State.

Tropical small island developing states (SIDS), with their geographical isolation and limited resources, heavily rely on the fisheries industry for food and revenue. The presence of marine lipophilic phycotoxins (MLPs) poses risks to their economy and human health. To understand the contamination status and potential risks, the Republic of Kiribati was selected as the representative tropical SIDS and 55 species of 256 coral reef fish encompassing multiple trophic levels and feeding strategies were collected to analyze 17 typical MLPs.

Corrigendum: The utility of high-frequency 18 MHz ultrasonography for preoperative evaluation of acral melanoma thickness in Chinese patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.

The utility of high-frequency 18 MHz ultrasonography for preoperative evaluation of acral melanoma thickness in Chinese patients.

Background: Despite the increasing use of preoperative ultrasound evaluation for melanoma, there is limited research on the use of this technique for Acral Melanoma (AM).

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent preoperative evaluation for cutaneous melanoma maximum thickness using an 18 MHz probe and histopathological examination between December 2017 and March 2021 at the Department of Dermatology in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.

Results: A total of 105 patients were included in the study.

Specialized metabolites of the fungal genus Phomopsis: Structures, bioactivities and biosynthesis.

Fungi are important resources of novel bioactive compounds which have a high potential to be drug leads or candidates for further pharmacological applications. Phomopsis, a genus widely distributed in the environment, can produce various types of compounds including polyketides, alkaloids, terpenoids, cytochalasins, steroids and flavonoids. The metabolites of Phomopsis sp.

Present Status, Limitations, and Prospects of Using Streptomyces Bacteria as a Potential Probiotic Agent in Aquaculture.

Streptomyces is a Gram-positive bacterium, belonging to the family Streptomycetaceae and order Streptomycetales. Several strains from different species of Streptomyces can be used to promote the health and growth of artificially cultured fish and shellfish by producing secondary metabolites including antibiotics, anticancer agents, antiparasitic agents, antifungal agents, and enzymes (protease and amylase). Some Streptomyces strains also exhibit antagonistic and antimicrobial activity against aquaculture-based pathogens by producing inhibitory compounds such as bacteriocins, siderophores, hydrogen peroxide, and organic acids to compete for nutrients and attachment sites in the host.

Characterization of New Gambierones Produced by 1123M1M10.

The benthic dinoflagellate genus is the primary producer of toxins responsible for ciguatera poisoning (CP), a food intoxication endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. We used high-performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) to investigate the toxin profile of 1123M1M10, which was obtained from Marakei Island (2°01'N, 173°15'E), Republic of Kiribati, located in the central Pacific Ocean. Four new gambierone analogues including 12,13-dihydro-44-methylgambierone, 38-dehydroxy-12,13-dihydro-44-methylgambierone, 38-dehydroxy-44-methylgambierone, and desulfo-hydroxyl gambierone, and two known compounds, gambierone and 44-methylgambierone, were proposed by analyzing their fragmentation behaviors and pathways.

Chemistry and bioactivities of alkaloids isolated from marine fungi (covering 2016-2022).

The ocean is a treasure house with rich resources of new chemical and biological molecules. A growing body of evidence suggests that marine fungi represent a huge and largely untapped resource of natural products that have been optimized by evolution for biological and ecological relevance. Alkaloids, the important components of natural products, have attracted much attention from medicinal and natural product chemists due to their unique structures and biological potential.

Structures and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from Penicillium genus since 2010.

Penicillium genus was a fungal endophyte first reported by Alexander Fleming in 1928 and attracted more attention in recent decades due to its multitudinous metabolites which possess novel skeletons, abundant bioactivities and potential in medicine. Up to now, >300 Penicillium species were found all around the world. The review summarized secondary metabolites derived from the Penicillium genus since 2010, including their chemical structures and biological activities.

Polyene Macrolactams from Marine and Terrestrial Sources: Structure, Production Strategies, Biosynthesis and Bioactivities.

Over the past few decades (covering 1972 to 2022), astounding progress has been made in the elucidation of structures, bioactivities and biosynthesis of polyene macrolactams (PMLs), but they have only been partially summarized. PMLs possess a wide range of biological activities, particularly distinctive fungal inhibitory abilities, which render them a promising drug candidate. Moreover, the unique biosynthetic pathways including β-amino acid initiation and pericyclic reactions were presented in PMLs, leading to more attention from inside and outside the natural products community.

Mechanism of biochar on nitrification and denitrification to NO emissions based on isotope characteristic values.

To clarify the mechanism of biochar on nitrification and denitrification to NO emissions in farmland soil, the effects of combined application of biochar and different nitrogen sources on the contributions of nitrification and denitrification to NO emissions were studied using isotope characteristic values. The results showed that the soil NO emissions from ammonium nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that from nitrate nitrogen fertilizer treatments. The biochar combined with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer reduced soil NO emissions by 31.

The Occurrence, Distribution, and Toxicity of High-Risk Ciguatera Fish Species (Grouper and Snapper) in Kiritimati Island and Marakei Island of the Republic of Kiribati.

Ciguatera is one of the most widespread food poisonings caused by the ingestion of fish contaminated by ciguatoxins (CTXs). Snapper and grouper with high palatable and economic value are the primary food source and fish species for exportation in the Republic of Kiribati, but they are highly suspected CTX-contaminated species due to their top predatory characteristics. In this study, 60 fish specimens from 17 species of snappers and groupers collected from the Kiritimati Island and Marakei Island of the Republic of Kiribati were analyzed using mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine Pacific CTX-1, -2 and -3 (P-CTX-1, -2 and -3).

New Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Two Deep-Sea-Derived Fungi and the Co-Culture Impact on the Secondary Metabolic Patterns.

In this study, chemical profiles for two co-existing deep-sea-derived Penicillium fungal strains were thoroughly investigated. Two new compounds and 11 known compounds were identified from Penicillium sp. LXY140-R, while one new compound and 12 known compounds were isolated from Penicillium sp.

The association between rs1800872 polymorphism in interleukin-10 and risk of cervical cancer: A meta-analysis.

Background: In recent years, several reports have tried to prove this connection between rs1800872 polymorphism in interleukin-10 and cervical cancer among different populations, but the results are debatable. Thus, we collected all the published literature and conducted an integrated meta-analysis, which provided better evidence-based medicine for the relationship between rs1800872 polymorphism in interleukin-10 and risk of cervical cancer.

Methods: We systematically performed our search on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, WanFang database, and CNKI for all papers related to this research, published up to August 1, 2020.

Long-term variations of phytoplankton community in relations to environmental factors in Deep Bay, China, from 1994 to 2016.

Long-term effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton community in Deep Bay, Hong Kong, were investigated from 1994 to 2016. Phytoplankton community experienced three important shifts: small flagellates and Chroomonas spp. dominated from 1994 to 2006.

Anti-Inflammatory Cembrane-Type Diterpenoids and Prostaglandins from Soft Coral .

Two new cembrane-type diterpenoids, lobophytins A () and B (), and four new prostaglandins, (5)-PGB (), (5)-13,14-dihydro-PGB (), 13,14-dihydro-PGB () and 13,14-dihydro-PGB-Me (), together with ten known compounds were isolated from the soft coral . The structures of these new secondary metabolites were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron circular dichroism (ECD) analyses, as well as the modified Mosher's method. Compounds , , , , , , and showed potential anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.

MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in placenta of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.

Expression and characteristics of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in the placenta of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) were detected in Uygur to analyze its correlation with PIH, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical work. Ninety cases of placental tissue patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Obstetrics of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur from December 2014 to September 2016 were collected, including 30 cases of severe preeclampsia, 30 cases of mild preeclampsia, and 30 cases of normal group. The distribution of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in placenta was mainly in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells, vascular endothelial cells and villous mesenchymal cells.

Hydrogen peroxide generation in microbial fuel cells using graphene-based air-cathodes.

Utilization of two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) is a novel way to generate HO from wastewater, and cathode catalyst is a key factor affecting ORR performance. Here, the catalytic performance of plain graphene, oxidized graphene and graphene oxide (GO) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and the influence of oxygen-containing functional groups are reported. Oxidized graphene air-cathode had 78% and 131% higher HO productions than plain graphene cathode respectively in an abiotic reactor and an MFC.

A live gI/gE-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) protects weaned piglets against lethal variant PRV challenge.

Emerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant has led to frequent outbreaks of PRV infection among Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in Chinese swine farms and caused high mortality in pigs of all age since late 2011. Here, we generated a gE/gI-deleted PRV (rPRVXJ-delgI/gE-EGFP) based on PRV variant strain (PRV-XJ) through homologous DNA recombination. Compared to parental strain, rPRVXJ-delgI/gE-EGFP showed similar growth kinetics in vitro.

Rapid and sensitive detection of porcine torovirus by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (RT-LAMP).

Porcine torovirus (PToV) is associated with swine gastroenteritis, but its pathogenesis is uncertain because there is limited information regarding PToV due to its difficulty to adapt in vitro. This study has developed a rapid one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for the detection of PToV. A set of four primers specific to six regions within the PToV's highly conserved fragment of the M gene was designed for use with the RT-LAMP assay.

Histopathology of Porcine kobuvirus in Chinese piglets.

Unlabelled: [Image: see text]

Electronic Supplementary Material: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12250-015-3608-1 and is accessible for authorized users.