Construction of a Nomogram for Identifying Refractory Pneumonia Among Macrolide-Unresponsive Pneumonia in Children.

Objective: The individualized prediction of treatment regimens of macrolide-unresponsive pneumonia (MUMPP) is scarce. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the relevant data of patients and construct a nomogram for identifying refractory pneumonia (RMPP) among children continued to be treated with macrolide after the confirmation of MUMPP, providing a reference for the choice of treatment regimen.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study involving 162 children who continued to be treated with macrolide (azithromycin) after the confirmation of MUMPP without antibiotic changes between January 2020 and January 2022.

Cell division cycle 42 reflects disease risk, symptoms, Th1/Th2 disproportion, and its short-term variation indicates symptom amelioration after treatment in allergic rhinitis patients.

Background: Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) modulates the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) through regulating immunity, allergic response, and T-helper (Th)1/Th2 imbalance. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CDC42 to reflect disease risk, symptom scores, and Th1/Th2 axis of AR and the correlation of its vertical change with symptom amelioration after treatment.

Methods: CDC42, Th1 cells, and Th2 cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and interferon-γ and interleukin-4 in the serum were determined in 200 AR patients.

Serum vitamin D level in mice with allergic rhinitis is correlated with inflammatory factors.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the correlation between serum vitamin D and inflammatory factors in mice with allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Female BALB/c mice in SPF grade were used to construct allergic rhinitis model by systemic injection and repeated nasal antigens. 12 allergic rhinitis mice without other treatment were treated as group A, another 12 allergic rhinitis mice treated with vitamin D were selected as group B, and group C included 12 mice that received PBS injection.

Morphological Characteristics of the Sphenoid Sinus and Endoscopic Localization of the Cavernous Sinus.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the morphological characteristics of the sphenoid sinus and endoscopic localization of the cavernous sinus (CS) using an extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Thirty sides of CS in 15 adult cadaver heads were dissected to simulate the extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach, and the morphology of the sphenoid sinus and anatomic structures of CS were observed. The opticocarotid recess (OCR), ophthalmomaxillary recess (V1V2R), and maxillomandibular recess (V2V3R) in the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus were presented in 16 sides (53.